Volcanos Essay Example For Students

Volcanos Essay Volcanos occur all over the world.The best know volcano zones occur on the destructive plate margin around the Pacific Ring of Fire.This chain of volcanos that lie along the west coast of central and south America,Japan and the Philippines,across New Zealand and into the Atlantic.Volcanos also occur in mid-ocean along the line of ocean ridges.The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of ocean floor volcanos.When these volcanos erupt lava flows from the cracks building up the ocean floor.Volcanos can also occur away from plate boundaries.These are the Hawaiian Volcanos.As you can see there are lots of places were volcanos occur.Sometimes these volcanos are where humans have settled.To help protect our belongings and save human lives we have developed ways to predict when volcanos are about to erupt.Here are some. PredictionsTwo main methods are used to predict when volcanos are about to erupt.These methods are called geophysical techniques,and chemical techniques. The geophysical method can detect any changes in the rock below.As the magma rises it forces the rocks apart,Which can create minor earthquakes on and or around the mountain.These can be detected on a seismographs.A seismograph picks up the seismic waves the earthquake gives off and records them.A seismograph works by a pen and a weight suspended on a spring.As the earth shakes the pen writes the waves,called a seismogram,on a revolving drum.A comparison can be used.They take two or more seismographs readings to pin point exactly where the magma is trying to surface.This technique is successful in Hawaii where they are a lot of volcanos.The place and the time of eruptions have been forecast accurately.Before a volcano is about to explode the ground around it swells with magma.This causes the ground to start to tilt.The tilt can be measured by an instrument called a tiltmeter.Two containers are half filled with water.And a tube connects the two.As magma rises and changes the a!ngle of the earth.Water goes into the lower container.Scientist can tell if the volcano is getting more active.When magma moves its gravity changes.This change in gravity can be detected by using gravimeters.When rock is heated to a certain temperature.It looses its magnetism.And this can be detected with a magnetometer.When magma rises to the surface it gives off heat.This heat can be detected with a intfa-red temperature surveys.Sometimes chemical methods are used.They measure the volcanic gases at hit springs and at fumaroles which are openings in the ground were gases escape from.Just before a volcano is about to erupt there is an increase in certain gases.These gases are chlorine compounds,sulphor oxides,carbon dioxide,hydrogen, and radon. DamagesWhen a volcano erupts huge amounts of lava are spewed out of the volcano.These huge flows of lava can wipe out towns.This type of volcanic eruption is called Hawaiian.These volcanos put on fire shows .They are rarely violent or explosive ,because the lava is fluid enough to let the gases escape easily.The lava flows out of boccas.These volcanos are not really dangerous.But they can cause alot of damage if people or buildings get in its way.A strombolian eruptions are more violent producing a lot thicker lava.Because the lava is thicker the gas can not escape easily from it making the lava hostile.The plinain eruptions ar the most dangerous .They hurl huge amounts of pumice as high as fifty kilometers into the atmosphere.Then is ash falls over wide areas.Then this is followed by pyoclastic flows,where hot gases and ash pour out of the vent.These flows rush across the landscape ,burning and burying anything in its path.This is the eruption that happened to Mount St. Helen in th! e U.S.A. Wisps of steam were coming out of the vents on the side of the mountain.During a period of several weeks a three hundred foot high wedge shaped bulge developed on the south side of the mountain as a result of rock and ice being pushed up.There were gaping cracks in the glaciers.They were gray with a dusting in volcanic ash.Weeks later the bulge blew sending ash and mud slides down the mountain wiping any thing that got in its way.The eruption cause a lot of damage.It created the worlds biggest clear cut.Two hundred and thirty square miles of trees lay in a tangled mess after the eruption.But people were trying to save as much of the lumber as they could.They were hauling out Five hundred loads a day of the fallen trees.But of all those able to be salvaged one point eight billion board feet of timber was destroyed.The eruption also took out some human life.Sixty five people were killed in the eruption.But the most damage was done to the surrounding wildlife.Five thou!sand wh ite tailed deer were killed,One thousand five hundred elk,two hundred black bears,fifteen mountains goats,plus unknown numbers of mountain lions,bobcats,small rodents,birds,fish,and insects were also killed.The whole population of spotted owls were completely wiped out.That was some things that can happen here are some more.Ash can bury structures and cause people to suffocate or if ash mixes with water it creates huge mud flows that race down mountain sides,clogging rivers.Hot chucks of lava and ash can start fires far from the lava flows.The earthquakes that accompany the eruptions can destroy buildings.The value of the damage consists of how bad the eruption was and if it was near any civilization.A very bad eruption near a city can cause millions and millions of dollars of damage and a great loss of lives. Even a small eruption with a lot of lava flow can cause millions of dollars of damage.If a volcano out in the wilderness explodes .The value of the damage can dif!fer.From how much value you place on the wildlife and trees.When Mount St. Helen exploded ash from the volcano clogged major rivers.The rivers were the Toutle and Cowlitz.The U.S Army Corps of Engineers took the task to unclog it.The cost of this was a quarter of a billion dollar.This gives you an idea how much money it costs to fix something damaged by a volcano. .u1b5ce51abc00fd59b59b26421c756429 , .u1b5ce51abc00fd59b59b26421c756429 .postImageUrl , .u1b5ce51abc00fd59b59b26421c756429 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1b5ce51abc00fd59b59b26421c756429 , .u1b5ce51abc00fd59b59b26421c756429:hover , .u1b5ce51abc00fd59b59b26421c756429:visited , .u1b5ce51abc00fd59b59b26421c756429:active { border:0!important; } .u1b5ce51abc00fd59b59b26421c756429 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1b5ce51abc00fd59b59b26421c756429 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1b5ce51abc00fd59b59b26421c756429:active , .u1b5ce51abc00fd59b59b26421c756429:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1b5ce51abc00fd59b59b26421c756429 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1b5ce51abc00fd59b59b26421c756429 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1b5ce51abc00fd59b59b26421c756429 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1b5ce51abc00fd59b59b26421c756429 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1b5ce51abc00fd59b59b26421c756429:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1b5ce51abc00fd59b59b26421c756429 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1b5ce51abc00fd59b59b26421c756429 .u1b5ce51abc00fd59b59b26421c756429-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1b5ce51abc00fd59b59b26421c756429:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Oppenheimer and The ATomic Bomb EssayPrecautionsBecause we sometimes have to live near volcanos.We have to take some precautions in case they ever erupt.All new buildings being built in the vicinity of volcanos should be earthquake proof .Mud flows,landslides,and lava can cause a lot of damage.There for dams and public buildings should be located so they dont get destroyed by these forces.People should be aware of the warning signs of a volcano ,earthquakes and ash being spewed out.They should what to do if they have to leave the town quickly in case the volcano does blow. Reference sorces-The World Book Encyclopedia 18 pg223We watched Mount St. Helen blow its toppg54-55,Mount St. Helen 721-727,Volcanos and Earthquakes pg23-43,Science Dimensions pg236-237

And Here I Thought Teens Were Rebellious essays

And Here I Thought Teens Were Rebellious essays Have you ever played that game, where someone tells you a word and you say the first thing that comes to mind? This may seem silly for teens but, lets play that now. Ill play too. What do you think of when you hear the word, peanut butter? Many would say jelly, I would say pancakes-you should try it, it tastes really good. Ok, another. What do you think of when you hear the word, phobia? Most may think arachnophobia, like the movie. Whereas I think sesquipedalophobia-fear of long words, go figure. One more, what do you think of when you hear the word, propaganda? A great number of you would say billboards or maybe television. But I would say mind control. You see, there are many different types of propaganda, used by a lot of different people or organizations, in a number ways. All used to convey several different ideas. And for all you know, youre buying into every single one. The best place to start-I always say-is at the beginning. So, what is propaganda anyway? Different definitions can be obtained depending on the source used. My favorite definition comes from Merriam-Websters online dictionary. Propaganda is defined as 1: the spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or injuring an institution, a cause, or a person.2: ideas, facts, or allegations spread deliberately to further one's cause or to damage an opposing cause. 3: committee of cardinals-a committee of Roman Catholic cardinals, the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith, in charge of supervising foreign missions and educating priests to serve in them. I like to refer to it as the manipulation of the public mind set. Okay, so who se doing the manipulation? Are you ready for this...Everyone. A propagandist seeks to change the way people understand an issue or situation, for the purpose of changing their actions and expectations in ways that are desirable to the interest group.(Propagandacritic.com) In o...

Formal and Informal Powers of Congress and the U.S. President Essays

Formal and Informal Powers of Congress and the U.S. President Essays Formal and Informal Powers of Congress and the U.S. President Paper Formal and Informal Powers of Congress and the U.S. President Paper Formal and Informal Powers of Congress Under the Constitution, Congress is charged with carrying out the legislative functions of government. The framers of the Constitution wanted the lawmaking and national policy role to be in the hands of a representative body. The formal powers, structure, and procedures of the national legislature are outlined in considerable detail in Article l, Section 8, of the Constitution. These powers are extensive, however as a means of sharing powers and functions between separate institutions, most of hem are shared with the other two branches, particularly the executive. Congress has the power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises; all duties, imposts and excises must be uniform throughout the United States. To borrow money. To coin money, set its value, and punish counterfeiting. To raise and support an army and naw and make rules for their governance. To declare war. To establish a post office. To establish rules for becoming a citizen and bankruptcy. To issue patents and copyrights to inventors and authors. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court. To define and punish piracies, felonies on the high seas, and crimes against the law of nations. : To exercise exclusive legislative powers over the seat of government and over places purchased as federal facilities. At the end of Section 8, the Constitution broadly implies, Congress has the power to do what is necessary and proper for carrying into execution all powers vested by the Constitution; also known as the Elastic Clause. Another important informal power is the ability to investigate the executive branch or one of their agencies. Also, Congress can hold hearings. 2. Formal and Informal Powers of the President The role and powers of the President of United States is outlined in Article II of the Constitution. Compared to the explicit powers of the Congress, the Constitution grants far fewer explicit powers to the President, the ambiguity and vagueness of Article II have made it possible for presidents to expand their authority greatly beyond that specifically listed in the Constitution. Under Article II, the President has the following formal powers. The power of appointment; the President is responsible for making about 6,000 appointments the most important of which are his cabinet and federal Judges (most of these must be approved by the Senate). As Commander-in-chief the President is the final authority in military matters and ultimately is responsible for the entire military might of the United States. The President has the right to conduct diplomatic missions and set foreign policy on behalf of the United States. The President has the power to pardon or commute the sentence of convicted criminals. The President has the ability to declare a 90 day period of Emergency during which he can use the full force of the ilitary without seeking permission from Congress either in the form of a declaration of war or through funding. The President can veto any bill signed by Congress, preventing it from passing unless both Houses can muster a 2/3rd majority in favor of passing the bill. In most cases, a veto will kill a proposed bill. Probably the most important informal power of the President is his ability to influence the legislative agenda and set economic policy. As the most powerful single individual in the U. S. government, the President is able to throw his weight around and influence areas not under his direct control.

Outline Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Outline Example Upon recruitment, players in the two industries must establish viable strategies for retaining the skilled employees. Players in the hospitality and tourism industry should develop career promotional campaigns as a method of attracting and retaining skilled employees (Australian Government, 2015, p.29). The companies, through the campaign programs, can enlighten prospective employees the career opportunities and growth programs the industry can offer. Players in the tourism sector should advocate the inclusion of tourism education in the curriculum of the system (Shakeela, Breakey, & Ruhanen, 2012, p.35). Education creates awareness and encourages youths to pursue further training in fields related to the industry. To bridge the gap of skilled labor shortage during the peak season, the hospitality, and tourism companies should incorporate outsourcing as an intervention measure (Davidson & Wang, 2011, p.239). Hiring of qualified employees during the peak season in hotels and tourism agencies lead to enhanced efficiency in handling the influx of tourism. Outsourcing is relatively cheap and convenient because the companies do not need to incur the high cost of labor during low season. Hotel and Tourism companies need to strategize on the method of recruiting new employees into the industry. The recruits must possess the necessary qualifications in terms of academia for the jobs, as this will influence directly on performance (Hui-O & Hsin-Wei, 2011, p.205). Companies must evaluate what skills they are in need of prior to recruitment. Besides the skills, attitude and capability of the newcomers need require thorough vetting to ascertain their suitability for the industry. Adjustment of remuneration packages for the skilled workforce in the hotel and tourism industry is instrumental in the retention of employees (Daft, 2010, p.310). Salaries and allowances

Singer- and Kants categorical imperative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Singer- and Kants categorical imperative - Essay Example One of the major contributors in bioethics is Peter Singer who has put across various theories in this field. One theory he stipulates is that sacrifices of significant interests must not be done for the sake of minor interest. By this, he means that when considering an ethical issue one must evaluate what is more valuable than the other and then make a decision favoring what is more significant of the two factors. This theory has been used to decide on various ethical issues when it comes to medicine. A practical example is by considering the example given earlier. In the hospitals doctors and family members always find themselves in tough situations I deciding whether to turn off machines that are keeping a patient who is brain dead alive. Often family members always rely on the doctor’s advice when deciding on whether to pull the plug or not. By using singer’s theory doctors often ask their self one crucial question. Is the patient who is brain dead worth keeping alive without the hopes of any recovery even though it means putting the patient’s family members in serious financial problems because of the high costs they incur as a result of medical bill? After doctors evaluate this question, they end up advice their patient’s family member to agree to turn of the machines keeping the patient alive since they will only suffer financially despite the fact that the patient will never wake up or recover. Singer’s theory has also been vastly used when it comes to the ethical issue of using animals when it comes to the advancement of medicine and biology. He argues that rights for animals, which are of an inferior species than humans should not be put before that of human beings. By this, the scholar stipulated that, people should not discredit the use of animals in medical research because this testing f animals will help along were in improving the lives of human beings, which is much more valuable than the life of

Age of exploration Essay Example for Free

Age of exploration Essay Which term best describes the period? God,Gold, and Glory European adventures explored North America with the motivation of God,Gold, and Glory This alone tells you that this was an age of exploitation. I believe it was Hernan Cortez who told the Aztec natives that his men suffered from a disease that could only be cured by Gold. Let us not forget that at this time Spain was trying to become a world Power. After Columbuss first voyage in 1493 Spain sent out ships to the Pope demanding rights to Columbuss discoveries. The Pope agreed and Spain was entitled to any non-christian western Lands discovered but only if the native population were converted to Christianity. At these times religion was used as a form of control.. Many can argue that the Pope could have also benefited from letting the conquistadors explore the western lands and convert the natives to Christianity. Many European countries were expanding and exploring for several reasons..By claiming more Territory and resources,A country would become more wealthier. And powerful. After Cortez conquered Mexico all there natives were used as slaves and Most of the valuable riches were transported back to Spain. All natives were killed by disease or slave work and the few that survived were forced to convert to Christianity. What once may have started as exploration would soon get consumed by Greed,power,and Exploitation. Many European countries were expanding and exploring other countries for several reasons many European countries were expanding and exploring other countries for several reasons

Cosmology and Moral Philosophy :: Worls Philosophical Essays

Cosmology and Moral Philosophy ABSTRACT: The universe as a whole can be shown to consist of two worlds: the real world and the transcendental world. The real world is a multitude of passing things in a gravitational field: it is the world of nature, every unit of which is born (from the transcendental world), develops, degrades and dies (that is, it returns to the transcendental world). The transcendental world is the world of the integrated, nonpassing, unborn and undying, internally functioning Unity, which is the other side of the real world (so to speak) as roots to a tree and its branches in relation to the surface of the Earth. The fundamental science of the real world is theoretical physics. The transcendental world is also a 'physical' but energyless world. In this paper, I outline characteristics of the real world, and the basic characteristics of the transcendental world which are essential for constructing a theory about the functioning of the cosmological vacuum. 1. Basic characteristics of the structure of the real world The real world of our universe one can present as consisting of the totality of the interconnected (through the known fundamental interactions) units of the nature, for example, photons, atoms, molecules, cells, living organisms, men, stars, galaxies and ets. Their materiality is shown, for example, in the outwards activity (the power), in which the units of nature come forward as integrated formations in the relation of other units of nature; their spirituality, enlightened through the materiality, in the form (in order of the growth of the spirituality) of the inside activity (that is of the spontaneous transitions into their different states), in the form of the senseorganized unity ( regulated by any laws), of the soul, and of the spirit. Different units of nature have different degrees of the spirituality, which are shown in the spontaneity, statisticality, selforganization, freedom of the will and so on, therefore one can say about corresponding spiritual aspects of any units o f nature. The transcendental part of the universe exerts the influence on the inside activity of the units of nature through creation of the virtual states and virtual processes. The units of nature of a complicated structure have the central organizing element, functioning of which gives the selforganized integrity to on initial unit, and the loss of which means destruction of this material-spiritual unit of nature. The structureless (not disintegrated into elements) units of nature (for example, photons) can arise and disappear only through their birth and destruction as a whole, while the structural units can arise and disappear in parts.