The Organizational Orientation Of Loreal Marketing Essay

The Organizational Orientation Of Loreal Marketing Essay In technique progress era, development of technology, science, education, economy and society offer people to have better quality of living. One part of this, it is high demands and possibility to satisfy them in terms of the external beauty and health. In our days, most of people would like to be attractive, fit and nice-looking. The global world we are living in sets stereotypes that become models. Models are represented extensive all around us in everyday life such as on the TV, in the commercials, in the magazines, on the billboard, in the fashion shows, in the streets and even at school or at workplace. Consequently, a lot of people want to look like models. Men and women would like to have a smooth and clear skin with a perfect body shape for a magnificent life. These desires and trends are rising and seen as a gold mine for the beauty care market. Concerning to the growth of purchasing power in customers and market trend that community turn out to be more conscious of hygiene and beauty, it affects to the quick growth in beauty care industry, particularly in this decade. Due to the characteristic of the market is quite high by value, thus it attracts many companies to enter to this market frequently. Huge number of domestic and multinational companies tries to take as much advantages as possible on the beauty market. Because of the attractiveness, rapid growth and high potential the beauty products market could be characterized like highly competitive and customer market. For achieve success on this field, company should have high level of technology and innovations, for be able to satisfy customers needs in high quality innovative beauty products. But staking only on technology will not bring victory. Nowadays, the most important capabilit ies for the company it is talent to market their product effectively by correctly using marketing mix, choosing right marketing strategy and determine strength, weaknesses, opportunities and treats of company. Correct applying marketing mix, which is a combination of main marketing elements (4 Ps): product, price, place and promotion, is a key element of companys success. In this coursework we are trying to explore and evaluate the Marketing activities of LOreal. LOreal is one most famous and largest and successful world player on cosmetic market, one of the biggest in the world due to the size, total revenue, profitability, and growth rate. We have analyzed the marketing strategies of LOreal throughout detection of the Organization Orientation, realizing the impact of the Marketing Mix and an internal and external (SWOT) analysis of the company will also be given in this paper. Companys History LOreal is one of the biggest companies in France, in the worlds largest manufacturing of high quality cosmetics and perfumes. LOreal registered office in Paris and head office in the Paris suburb of Clichy, Hauts-de-seine, France. The LOreal Company has 68900 employees worldwide. The lead the cosmetics worldwide and distributed the product 130 countries with 27 global brands. These brands annual sales are superior à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬50 million. They produced 5 key expertises for the customer they are hair care, hair color, skin care, make-up and Fragrances. It boasts a world-wide distribution network as well as the industrys highest research and development budget and the largest cosmetological laboratory in the world.(LOreal, 2012) LOreal is a listed company, but the founders daughter Liliane Bettencourt, her name is Eugne Schueller. On July 30, 1909, Schuller registered his company, the Socià ©tà © Franà §aise de Teintures Inoffensives pour Cheveux (Safe Hair Dye Company of France literally French Society of Inoffensive Tinctures for Hair), the original LOrà ©al. The guiding principles of the company, which eventually became LOreal, were research and innovation in the field of beauty. The key people of this company are Jean-Paul Agon(Chairman and CEO), Lilliane Bettencourt(Non-executive director and major shareholder).LOreals story begins in turn-off century paris, at the time when women of the demi-monde dyed their hair, their choice restricted to fiery red or coal black. In 1907, Eugene Schueller, a young chemist, began to concoct the first synthetic hair salons in the morning under the brand name Aureole. His strategy was successful: within two years he established the societe Francaise des teintures in offensive Pour chevex, which soon afterward became LOreal.(LOreal,2012) In 1912, the company extended its sales to Austra, Holland and Italy and by 1920. LOreal products were available in a total of 17 countries, including the United States, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Equador, Bolivia, and the Soviet Union and in the Far East. The end of the world war LOreal was celebrated by the Jazz age, when short hairstyles became fashionable, with a new emphasis on shape and color. In 1920, the small company employed three chemists. By 1950, the research teams were 100 strong; that number reached 1,000 by 1984 and is nearly 2,000 today. By the end of the 1920, there were 40,000 hair salons in France alone and LOreals new product ocap, imedia Liquide and coloral captured the its first move toward diversification, purchasing the soal company Monsavon. LOreal has five worldwide research and development centers: two in France: Aulnay and Chevilly; one in the U.S.: Clark, New Jersey; one in Japan: Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture; and in 2005. one was established in Shanghai, chi na. A future facility in the US will be in Berkeley Heights, New Jersey. (LOreal, 2012) In the 1930s and 1940s, platinum-haired screen idols such as Jean Harlow and Mae West made blond hair especially popular and bleaches such as LOrà ©al Blanc sold well. LOrà ©al was quick to make use of both old and new media to promote its products. In 1933, Schueller commissioned famous artists of the time to design posters and launched his own womens magazine, Votre Beautà ©. Dop, the first mass-market shampoo, was promoted through childrens hair-lathering competitions at the highly popular French circuses and by 1938 LOreal was advertising its hair products with radio jingles.(LOreal, 2012) In 1953, LOreal won an advertisement Oscar, the first in a long series of awards. In 1994, LOreal buys control of corsair from Nestle, Bettencourt. On 17 marches 2006, LOreal purchased cosmetics company The Body Shop for à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤652 million. In October 2011 , the LOreal started the largest factory in the Jababeka industrial Park, Cikarang, Indonesia with total investment of US 50 million. The production will be absorbed 25 percent by domestic market and the will be exported. In 2010 significant growth occurred at Indonesia with 61 percent increase of unit sales or 28 percent of net sale. LOrà ©als structure remains unchanged, with the group consisting of a federation of competitive companies, including 147 production and distribution facilities worldwide, divided into five divisions. Only research and development facilities and overall management control are centralized.(LOreal, 2012) The current ownership of this company are 27.5pc by the Bettencourt family, 26.4pc by Nestle, 3.9pc by treasury shares and remaining 42.2 are public (LOreal, 2012). The Organizational Orientation of LOreal There are various types of business orientations 3.1 Production Orientation Production orientation is a marketing concept that concentrates on the interior capabilities of the firm rather than on desires and needs of customers. This type orientation means that management assesses its resources and reply on these questions: What is easy to produce using our equipment?, What services are most convenient for the firm to offer and Where do our talents lie (Lamb, Hair, McDaniel, 2011). According to Brassington Pettitt (2006), production orientation emphasizes on affordability and availability of the products and thus production oriented firms focuses on efficient production and distribution techniques. A production orientation short falls because it doesnt consider whether the products that the company produces most efficiently also meet the needs of customer. Sometimes when competition is weak, production oriented-company could survive. 3.2. Product orientation Product oriented company believes that they have a best product, based on the quality and features, and their consumers will like these goods and services. (Learn Marketing, 2010). Adcock et, al. (2001) state that product orientation is concentrated on products rather than needs and customers desires. Quality and design of products are main value categories for the companies which apply product orientation. Brassington Pettitt (2006) say that these companies suppose that the consumers are concerned in the products and that they are interested in the quality. 3.3. Sales Orientation The company with a sales orientation assumes that customers show buying inertia and have to be persuaded into buying more. According to Brassington Pettitt (2006) sales oriented firms thinks that the products are sold, not bought. They emphasize on advertising, direct mail, e-mail blasts and other sales techniques, assuming that the customers are reluctant to purchase. These actions can result in short-term gains in audience. But because of the company is not communicate with the consumers, the sales oriented companys constantly has to recruit a huge number of subscribers who do not renew (Byrnes, 2009). 3.4. Marketing Orientation Market orientation means put customer at the heart of business. Adcock (2001) says that market orientation takes place when the consumers identify the difference in a company and when all the advantages proposed to the consumers are measured. According to Jobber (2001) marketing oriented organizations concentrate on the consumer wants and for them the opportunities arise from the changing wants of the consumers or market. Brassington Pettitt (2006) believe that a company which is concentrated in its marketing and production activities with the understanding of the consumer wants and satisfaction is market oriented. The main benefit of a company being market oriented is that it would have a top consumer value and there would be a coherence in higher performance in the business. The concept of market orientation is laid on three pillars of customer focus, coordinated marketing and profitability. Customer focus: at the middle of creating future corporate strategy lay consumer centricity. To serve the clients rather than sell products is a main philosophy of the company. Realize consumers as a strategic assets companies establish long-term relationships with clients. Coordinated Marketing: marketing has to become a synchronized, cross-disciplinary function of company. Customers are duty of the entire company. These factors have together detained marketing from becoming a coordinated activity that involves supplementary functions such as finance, operations, human resources and strategy within any company. Profitability: profitability includes both financial dimensions (such as ROI, EVA, and market share) and non-financial dimensions (such as behavioral patterns, awareness and attitudes). This set observation would allow companies to make equilibrium between sh ort term and long term profitability with regard to the long term financial health of the company (Venture Republic, 2012). LOreal concentrates on their customers and tries to find out their material and emotional wishes. Company obtains a wide range of products and consumed by all age groups. According to LOreal (2012) mission of company: Beauty for all. LOrà ©al proposes women and men global the best of quality, effectiveness and safeness cosmetics innovation. It pursues this goal by meeting the endless diversity of beauty needs and desires worldwide (LOreal, 2012). Group enables to meet the expectations of every customer while adapting to local distribution conditions worldwide their organizations of groups divisions. LOreal has five main Business Divisions: LOreal Luxe, Consumer Products, Professional Products, Active Cosmetics and The Body Shop (LOreal, 2012). According to LOreal 2012 Beauty for all also means beauty for each individual. LOreal is influenced that there is no sole and unique model of beauty, but a limitless variety forms of beauty, tied to periods, cultures, history and individualities. LOreal try to realize strategy of universalizing beauty. Company wants to build a new respectful and more attentive globalization universalizing beauty model. Universalizing beauty is adapting beauty and make it accessible for everyone, without making it global or uniform. This aim means that they try to change the market wants and implement new beauty concepts. To achieve this goal, company has considerably reinforced Research and Innovation panelsl in all the main markets of tomorrow, whereas extending their industrial cover age. LOreal observes local beauty needs and customs. The centricity of the project of targeting new customers is a companys research, and is creating itself to take up the challenge: to produce cosmetics products modif ied to the enormous variety of the world, LOreal has set up research hubs in each region (LOreal, 2012). Company facilitates access to cosmetics products. To make the best in beauty availablae for everyone, LOrà ©al takes steps forward each year. Company are able to reach every customer with a portfolio of 27 international brands and an organizational structure, at the same time let be for the specifics of distribution in every country. In this terms LOrà ©al pushes back boundaries and takes up the challenge of more and more available innovation (LOreal, 2012). Thus its crystal clear that LOreal is a Market Oriented company whereas they attempt to understand the customer or market needs and manufacture products respectively to accomplish the companys goals. And they highlight that people are the major strength of the firm. Internal / External audit of LOreal 4.1. Brands and Products LOreal produces and distributes five main groups of products. Professional Products. The Professional Products Division sells its products via hair salons worldwide. The portfolio of professional products is able to satisfy the needs of all types of salons. Being a privilege partner of hairdressers, LOreal offers best technologies and high-level of education what allow provide customers with professional services. In this group include brands: Redken, Kerastase, Matrix, PureOlogy, Shu Uemura art of Hair, Mizani, Kerskin Esthetics. Total sales of these products in 2011 were 2 813.8 millions euro and growth 2011/2010 posted +3.6%. The biggest sales are in geographic zone North America 1 018.6 millions euro, but more quick growth of sales 2011/2010 was estimated by geographic zone New Market +6.3% and its sales 2011 accounted for 817.6 million euro (LOreal, 2012). Consumer Products. According to LOreal (2012): The Consumer Products Divisions mission is universal: to offer the best in beauty innovation to the greatest number of people on every continent at accessible price. Its brands are available in all mass-market channels (hypermarkets, supermarkets, drugstores and traditional stores). The division is the spearhead of the groups quest to win over a further billion consumers. This division includes the most famous brands of the group: LOreal Paris (premium brand with Elseve, Elnett, Studio Line, Perfection, Plenitude, Body Expertise, Dermo-Expertise, Solar Expertise, Kids, Progress Homme, Men Expert and Ombrelle), Garniere (includes brands like Ambre Solaire, Fructis, Nutrisse, Ultra Doux, Skin Naturals, Neutralia and Obao), Maybelline, Softsheen-Carson, Club des Createurs de Beaute and essie (LOreal, 2012). Total sales of division in 2011 were 9 835.2 million euro and were shown growth 2011/2010 approximately +3.2%. In geographic zone New Market was estimated highest sales (3 957.1 million euro), most successful business segment was Make-up (2 882.3 million euro sales 2011, +6.2% sales growth) (LOreal, 2012). LOreal Luxe. The Products Division the Luxury products division combines together a exclusive set of brands, concentrating particularly on three key business segments: skincare, make-up and fragrances. Products of this division are delivering throughout department stores, perfumeries and travel retail outlets, free standing stores and through e-commerce websites. Brands are: Lancome, Yves Saint Laurent, Giorgio Armani, Biotherm, Cacharel, Diesel, Maison Martin Margiela, ViktorRolf, Ralph Lauren, Kiehls, Shu Uemura, Stella Mc Cartney. Based on reported figures sales 2011 this division amounted to 4 506.6 millions euro and increase of 6.5%. Like-for-like, i.e. based on the comparable structure and identical exchange rate, the sales growth was +8.2%. Dynamic New Market achieved sales growth of +12.3% based on reported figures and +14.0% on like-for-like. The most successful was Skincare business segment, it delivered sales growth of 14.6% like-for-like and 13.6% based on report figures (LOreal, 2012). Active Cosmetics. The active Cosmetics division sells its products worldwide in all types of health channel (pharmacies, drugstores, medi-spas and dermatologists). Its unique portfolio of six admiring brands (Vichy, La Roshe-Posay, Skinceuticals, Inneov, RogerGallet, Sanoflore). These products satisfy the need for beauty through the skins health and active cosmetics divisions works in close partnership with health professionals, dermatologists, paediatricians and doctors practicing aesthetic medicine. It is have made the division world number one in dermocosmetics. The Active Cosmetic Division delivered in 2011 growth of +3.2% like-for-like and +2.6% based on the reported figures, driven by its successes in New Markets and North America (LOreal, 2012). The Body Shop. The body Shop was established in 1976 in the United Kingdom by Dame Anita Roddick. The Body Shop has strong ethical commitment and well-known by its sensorial products stimulated by nature. More than 65% of the products contain Community Fair Trade ingredients. At the end of 2011, the Body Shop sales recorded like-for-like growth at +3.8% and 3.9% based on reported figures. The brand is delivering strong growth in the New Markets. (LOreal, 2012) 4.2. Marketing Strategy LOreal company is present in 130 countries in the world. It sells 130 products every second. The group have more than 50,000 outlets throughout the world. Now days, LOreal is the biggest international brand in Cosmetics. The marketing strategy of LOreal mainly depends upon customer needs. They had done in-depth research of all the cultures and people of different countries. According to the company, tomorrows beauty will be global and universal and will respect the unique nature of each region. LOreal Researchs mission will, therefore, be to understand and adapt to all women and men in order to offer the best of cosmetics in terms of quality, efficacy and safety. The ability to innovate for new markets must therefore rely on in-depth knowledge of the culture, needs and preferences of Chinese, Indian and Brazilian consumers. By placing the consumer at the heart of research and innovation, LOreal has decided to create the Consumer Insights International division as well as regional res earch and innovation hubs innovation will take place by knowing customers habits. For example in India from ancient days Indian women uses eye color by themselves. As we know innovation takes place on customer base. They took inspiration of this and planned new innovation of the product far Indian women in order to reach their expectation of the customers. By this we can know how LOreal company plans the innovation of product by having deep research of skin of different cultural people and also having knowledge about hair of different cultural people and reaches the customers expectations. So this is the LOreal intelligent business plan. The RD department of LOreal will release new formulas based on to enhance customers product experience because if they can know that it would be useful far them to innovate better product far customers (LOreal, 2012). Advertisement is the main strategy used by the LOreal company .It is one of the worlds biggest advertising spenders. The cosmetics giant adverts far Maybelline make up, Elseve shampoos, Lancà ´me perfumes, and other products. These will fill television mostly and magazine pages around the world. they spend 75% on television and 20% on the print magazine and others on billboards et LOreal shows low interest spending on internet (Marketing Planet, 2011). The LOreals new product development strategy. The way they have successfully managed and achieved the considerable market shares through RD efforts . LOreal innovations has been success in the diverse segments of global market Moreover, the company follows a three tier strategy for producing commercially viable products. The three structured strategy includes LOreals advanced research, applied research and product development, each stage having its own unique functions to perform in order to create successful innovations. LOreal is a Paris-based cosmetics company with having sales $ 26.96 billion in the year 2011. LOreal entered mainland of china in the year 1996 after that LOreal started growing successful market in china now it holds second highest percentage of market share and established three factories in china and they had released 17 brands within two local Chinese cosmetics brands created a successful market. LOreal targeted Chinese young women, but LOreal company have focus ed on male customers of china here they played a strategy. The Chinese younger generation was interested in tennis. So LOreal became the sponsor of the 2011 Shaanghai Rolex masters to attract the male viewers and company was cooperated with the most popular p2p steaming media site in China it is also called as pptv with the help this media LOreal launched a new product named hydra energetic anti-dullness moisturizing gel cream the choice of successful tennis masters after that the LOreal got tremendous viewers responses with the help of pptv from this they learn preferences and needs to innovate new products to target the market (LOreal, 2012). The global beauty company LOreal is looking for Africa to increase the market. The continent provides potentially huge market. The company was present since from 100 years Africa became strategically market of the LOreal group as the population of Africa is about a 1 billion people where LOreal product have good demand far products in the market LOreal will continue to launch technologically advanced products, backed by strategic marketing campaigns, into the African market. This will continue to give us a major competitive advantage that will ensure that LOreal maintains its leadership for the next 100 years. (LOreal, 2012). LOreal presently offers the following products in the Netherlands: Plenitude and Recital under the LOreal brand name, and Ambre Solaire under the Garnier Institute brand name. LOreal Nederland has been considering whether to introduce the Synergie skin care line and Belle Couleur hair colorants line into the Netherlands.synergie and Bele Couleur are marketed under the Garnier Institute name in France. The Netherlands market has several challenges new product launches are difficult (especially from a relatively unknown company like Garnier) and the distributor channel is becoming more powerful. Also, retailers have been offering their own private-label products and can develop them at lower prices within 6 months. We had first considered adding Synergie and Belle Couleur under the Garnier name and positioning them towards the lower end of the market price-wise. However, we feel this is inherently too risky. LOreal, even under the Garnier Company name, does not want to wage war in the commodity market of cosmetics. There may not be enough product differentiation to disallow the Garnier products from cannibalizing the LOreal products. People would eventually find out the Garnier and LOreal was the same Company, and that could cheapen the whole product line. LOreal is a premier supplier of quality cosmetics (LOreal, 2012). 4.3. Relationship Management LOreal, the worlds largest skin care and cosmetics company. This is wanted to enlarge the span of marketing for its extra products distribution. The customer relationship management is mainly targeting the customers for evaluating their products.CRM solution has to improve the customer reliability and decrease the agitate. Overall view is very important then, by standardizing on one database solution, there will be a need to develop our stiffness to react rapidly with new marketing campaigns and promotions. After that, the next part is to make new valuable use of marketing budgets through new accurate target. Escalating customer knowledge means increasing the efficiency of marketing investments. (LOreal, 2012) Circumstances: There are 18 global brands which include Ralph Lauren, Lancà ´me, and Garnier -LOreal is the worlds leading cosmetics, skin care, and luxury products producer. The company distribute their products to 130countries on five continents, moreover its also a essential business at Asia and also in the South Korea. LOreal frequently innovates to continue the marketplace share and, as a effect, required to extend its high performance in the industry by sharpening its knowledge of customers by rolling out a company-wide customer relationship management (CRM) system. The Paris-based company decided to focus on its luxury product division, which had an ideal customer basis and the most probable to enhance its marketing campaigns. Marketing experts were persuaded that the greater knowledge of the customer would increase the opportunity for cross selling. For example, a data-mining study on customer behaviours for Lancà ´me France showed strong cross-selling prospective to market beauty products for lips with other products such as nails. To cross sell effectively, LOrà ©al needed to create a single in-house database with all its customer data, which previously had been hosted by a number of different agencies. Example, it is useful to know which 20 per cent of customers are responsible for 50 per cent of the total revenue-this knowledge helps us target promotions and service dollars on our most valuable customers, says Giacchetti. Key factors: LOrà ©al previously worked with Microsoft for IT services worldwide, but the company turned first to Accenture for consultancy on implement a CRM solution.In adding to Siebel Business Analytics. The company is also using HP StorageWorks for its storage area network, as well as other HP hardware. Customer Manager says that the major benefit of Siebel Consumer Goods 7.7 is that advertising sales, and customer service are fully incorporated. This helps companies develop their product management, increase deal and customer marketing return on investment, decrease their customer service costs, and build customer loyalty and demand. The industrial planning was defined by Microsoft Services, aid by Avanade a joint venture between Microsoft and Accenture that specialize in solutions implemented in a Microsoft environment. Together, the team designed and implemented a pilot CRM solution in South Korea, which was chosen because of its complicated multi-channel marketing including point of sal e, Web, e-mail, and wireless messaging.mInitially, Siebel Consumer Goods and Siebel Analytics were implemented on top of a Microsoft SQL Serverà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ 2000 database. Through the volume licensing Enterprise Agreement LOrà ©al has with Microsoft, SQL Server 2000 was later upgraded to Microsoft SQL Server 2005. LOreal also chose the Microsoft environment for the development of its Web sites. In December 2005, following the success of the pilot in South Korea, LOrà ©al extended the solution to support the mass-market domain in France, which is already increasing the customer knowledge segment of the database for direct-mail promotions. Giacchetti says: Were looking at a global rollout of the solution over three to five years. Change management in CRM takes time, especially when 99 per cent of promotions are targeted on the product rather than the customer. However, were working on introducing the CRM solution in the United States and China in 2006 and are starting several projects in Europe. Were seeking to cover half of the total number of country operations in three years and 70 per cent in five years. In some of the smaller centres, CRM will not be applicable. (LOreal, 2012) Benefits LOrà ©al has improved customer brand loyalty, benefited from a significantly improved response rate and lower cost of direct mail. It now has a consistent 360-degree view of its customers across multiple marketing channels. Customer Satisfaction Strengthens Loyalty LOrà ©al operates in a highly competitive market for luxury beauty products, where customer retention is a key performance indicator. Giacchetti believes the most significant benefit has been improved brand loyalty. We can now classify value customers more easily and aggressively retain them, she says. There is less risk of customers switching to other brands because of their disappointment at random treatment. Previously, we targeted customers based on their age, but now we consider past purchasing history and other benchmarks, which makes targeting much more effective. Higher Response Rate, Lower Costs Siebel Business Analytics is helping LOreal mount cost-efficient direct-mail campaigns and increase revenue per sale. Giacchetti says: With the Siebel solution running on Windows Server, we achieved a 57 per cent decrease in the volume of direct mail on one promotion. Through more accurate targeting, we achieved a remarkable 62 per cent response rate. In another campaign for skincare, we cut the volume of direct mail by half and achieved a 78 per cent response rate. 360-Degree View of the Customer LOreal is building a CRM system that provides a complete view of the customer, spanning all available brands across multiple channels, including the companys 200 Web sites and thousands of offline point-of-sale terminals and call centers. Giacchetti says: In the past, campaigns were product based, and we did not retain a history for each customer. With our knowledge about the customer, we can now integrate data from different channels and segment customers according to value and behavior. Georges-Edouard Dias, Strategic Business Development Division, LOrà ©al, says: Siebel is the best solution we have found to manage an end-to-end process from consumer analysis and segmentation to creation, execution, and measurement of the success of marketing campaigns. Product Campaigns Generated Faster By implementing a single CRM system and a powerful in-house database solution, LOrà ©al has improved time to market for its product campaigns. It is now easier to share best practice and make use of sophisticated data-mining scoring for targeting. Giacchetti says: We are now more agile as a business. We can accurately quantify the effectiveness of marketing investments and customer/segment profitability. 4.4. Corporate Structure Chairman and CEO. Jean-Paul Agon is energetic, constructive and unwavering always strives for tangible results. With a spanning background of challenges, environments and responsibilities, he has displayed his leadership skills by key expertise of in-depth knowledge of how the company works, an international approach and a global vision of major challenges ahead. He was born in France in 1956 and joined LOreal in 1978

Civilize The Wilderness :: essays research papers

Civilize the Wilderness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wilderness, why civilize it? This is an interesting question, and one that is hard to answer. Why not just leave the wilderness alone, and let it grow and decide it's own beginnings and ends? Does civilizing the wilderness make it better or worse? In what ways is it better or worse if we leave it alone or it we civilize it? These are all excellent questions and are all worthwhile to think about.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Western culture has tried to civilize the wilderness for quite sometime now, but is it really something we should be doing? In the point of view of many, the wilderness should be civilized to accommodate for the increasing number of people in the world. We should also civilize it because we need the extra room and because we cannot live in uncivilized areas of the wilderness, at least not with all of the comforts of home. What effects will civilizing the wilderness now have in the future? Many questions can arise when contemplating civilizing the wilderness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The wilderness is being civilized for one main reason. That reason is technology. Technology plays an important role in everyone's lives today. Without it, we would not have computers, fax machines, cellular phones, and all of the modern conveniences that we have today. The fact is, that many people believe that the wilderness is like an unborn country. A country that has nothing and is striving to become more advanced. We see this as an opportunity to better it and make it seem like we are actually helping. But, are we really helping? In my opinion, no. I feel that we are destroying something natural and something of beauty.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In many ways we are making the wilderness worse by civilizing it. We put unnatural objects into the wilderness, and it destroys the wilderness' natural beauty. Thoreau's ideal is to pretty much leave the wilderness as it is. If you need to inhabit it, don't use anything that does not come from within it. For example, Thoreau built his cabin from the trees that were in the wilderness that surrounded it. In this way, civilizing the wilderness is okay. The way we are civilizing it, is not okay. Too just clear-cut an entire forest, then build a house, an in ground swimming pool, and put up a satellite dish, is not exactly ideal to keeping the wilderness natural.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To destroy the beauty of the wilderness by civilizing it in the way that

It320 Chapter 1 Questions

Chapter 1 1. Which of the following statements accurately describe differences between a LAN and a WAN? b. companies can use a Wan to connect remote locations, and a LAN can make a local connection in a building. d. Only WANs require a CSU/DSU to be used on the ends of the cable 2. Network professionals belong to organizations that plan and define standards used in networking. Which of the following are recognized industry organizations? a. IETF c. ISO d. EIA f. ITU 3. Which of the following are true about router? a. outers enable different IP networks or IP subnets to communicate with each other. c. path selection is one of the main functions of a router. e. routers have a central processing unit and memory. 4. Which of the following are main components of a router? a. ROM b. Flash memory e. RAM 5. Which of the following statements describe the function of RAM in a router? c. RAM stores the current configuration information. e. RAM stores routing tables for the router. 6. Which of t he following statements are true about DTE? c.DTE usually resides on the customer's premises. d. DTE is an acronym for data terminal equipment. 7. Which of the following statements are true about DCE? b. DCE provides clocking to the DTE. c. DCE is an acronym for data circuit-terminating equipment. 8. The term WAN refers to which layers of the OSI model? b. Data link d. Physical 9. Which of the following physical ports and/or cables on a router require clocking to be configured in a back-to-back connection? e. Serial port with DCE cable. 10. Which of the following statements are true about interfaces? . Ethernet interfaces usually use RJ-45 connectors. d. Interfaces can accept smart serial connectors. 11. What are possible functions of a console port? b. Accessing the router to change configurations. d. Password recovery 12. In the following figure, which setting is different from the default for connecting to a Cisco router? a. Bits per second. The Cisco default is 9600bps 13. Which of the following are data-link encapsulations for WAN? a. Frame relay c. IETF 14. Which of the following are used in WAN's? b. Router c. Modem 15.Which of the following describe the function of flash memory in a router? a. Holds the Cisco IOS software image c. Keeps its contents when a router is rebooted. d. Can store multiple versions of Cisco IOS software. 16. Which of the following are true about out-of-band router management? a. Can be performed using the console port with a rollover cable. d. Can allow troubleshooting when a link is down. e. Can be performed using a dialup connection. 17. Which of the following are true about the items shown in the following figure? a. Item B contains serial interfaces. . Items C and D can be used for router management. d. Item B can accept either DTE or DCE cables. 18. Which statement is true about a router? b. NVRAM stores the startup configuration file, and RAM stores the running configuration. CHALLENGE Q&A 1. Which type of cable is used i n the connections marked in the following figure? a. PC1 to R1: crossover b. R1 to R2: back-to-back serial connection or DTE/DCE c. R2 to SW2: straight-through cable d. R2 to PC2: console or rollover cable 2. Router R1 has been used in a lab for the last several years.R1 connects to router R2 using a back-to-back serial connection, using its serial interface that does not have a built-in CSU/DSU. R1 also has a single Ethernet interface connected to a single PC without using a hub or switch. To save money, the IT manager has decided to use R1 for a new site being installed into the network, as shown in the bottom half of the following figure. Which of the following answers is true regarding other opportunities to save money with this new installation? a. R1 can use the serial cable that was formerly attached to R2, but not the serial cable that was formerly attached to R1.

Free Essays on State Of Nature Of 1500 - 1900 Century Philosphers

The â€Å"state of nature† of human beings was the focal point for many of the 1500th –1900th century philosophers. Many of these philosophers attempted to understand and describe humans in this original condition. One of the most intriguing aspects of man was the concept of human interaction as it pertained to cooperation and competition. Theories, hypothesizes, and explanations were plentiful and very diverse. As the various facets of man were studied, the exchange of ideas and information regarding human interaction created a variety of new philosophies. Each of the philosophers contributed their perspective to the pool of ideas and broadened the scope of understanding of how the â€Å"state of nature† influenced and helped individuals manage and run society. Throughout this process of understanding, many philosophers introduced ideas and concepts that influenced our culture and society. First, Thomas Hobbes identified that humans were in continual war with "every man, against every man". A time of "no arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short".1 Because man’s natural state is so debased, Hobbes applied a authoritarian view of social contract. He deemed that a social contract was required to keep peace and order. He was the first modern theorist to agree for absolute power of government. In an effort to resolve this, he argued that humans would agreed to cooperate for survival, by agreeing to surrender some freedom in return for stability. He wanted to create a social contract with a large group that would abide the laws of government. Thus, Hobbes believed that the government should take the form of monarchy, not a democracy. This form of government still exists in countries today. The theoretical construct was based in absolute mate rialism. Hobbes thought matter was all that existed. Men w... Free Essays on State Of Nature Of 1500 - 1900 Century Philosphers Free Essays on State Of Nature Of 1500 - 1900 Century Philosphers The â€Å"state of nature† of human beings was the focal point for many of the 1500th –1900th century philosophers. Many of these philosophers attempted to understand and describe humans in this original condition. One of the most intriguing aspects of man was the concept of human interaction as it pertained to cooperation and competition. Theories, hypothesizes, and explanations were plentiful and very diverse. As the various facets of man were studied, the exchange of ideas and information regarding human interaction created a variety of new philosophies. Each of the philosophers contributed their perspective to the pool of ideas and broadened the scope of understanding of how the â€Å"state of nature† influenced and helped individuals manage and run society. Throughout this process of understanding, many philosophers introduced ideas and concepts that influenced our culture and society. First, Thomas Hobbes identified that humans were in continual war with "every man, against every man". A time of "no arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short".1 Because man’s natural state is so debased, Hobbes applied a authoritarian view of social contract. He deemed that a social contract was required to keep peace and order. He was the first modern theorist to agree for absolute power of government. In an effort to resolve this, he argued that humans would agreed to cooperate for survival, by agreeing to surrender some freedom in return for stability. He wanted to create a social contract with a large group that would abide the laws of government. Thus, Hobbes believed that the government should take the form of monarchy, not a democracy. This form of government still exists in countries today. The theoretical construct was based in absolute mate rialism. Hobbes thought matter was all that existed. Men w...

Working for a Year Before Entering University

Working for a Year Before Entering University Free Online Research Papers There is no denial that people increasingly gain freedom in developing themselves, and a trend has been more and more popular amongst young people in some countries where they are encouraged to get employed or have a travel between the completion of high schools studies and the commence of university study. From my perspective, several factors needed to be taken into consideration. On one hand, young people could benefit from travel or work experience, in some meaning, if under proper direction. Take a student who want to enter film industry, for example, he or she may learn from what it is like from their teachers or other academical sources. However, it is most likely that such knowledge can’t help them get in touch with the real professional people, and moreover, many students would be misled that they can fulfill any job requirement simply by copying from existing models. On the other hand, there are certain risks for youngsters to take in working or traveling. Firstly, it is almost certainly that student could not find the relevant occupation or meet appropriate requirement of real working positions in particular field, which may result in disappointment or depression. Hence, teachers and mentors should be appointed or be consulted in order to provide advice wherever needed. Secondly, financial support could be another problem for some individuals. It is highly recommended that different situation and economical conditions should be considered thoroughly before any action is taken out. Ultimately, travel and working is inappropriate for some unskilled people, since they aren’t qualified for certain activities, and it is probably that they can’t finish any tasks or gain any social experience as their peers. elaborate training scheme rather than working opportunities should be of much more use for people in that category. To conclude, I believe some people does benefit from traveling experience, as well as participating in some practices, in terms of broadening their vision, enlarging knowledge, and realizing ambition. In most cases, certain measures nevertheless are indispensable to ensure people do not waste time or money in taking part in such activities. Research Papers on Working for a Year Before Entering UniversityStandardized TestingPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalOpen Architechture a white paperResearch Process Part OneBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfBringing Democracy to AfricaAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Project Managment Office System

Karl Marx Aruments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Karl Marx Aruments - Essay Example Whereas the Capitalists believed on the private ownership of means of production, Communisms was for the public ownership of means of production. Secondly, these philosophers were against alienated labor and job specialization, which they viewed as betrayal to multiple human potential. Thirdly, they were against exploitation of workers, brought by capitalism. Here workers would be exploited in terms of payment. They claimed that Capitalism was primarily for making money rather than the common good for all. For instance, among the few rich, money would determine their relationship even in the institutions of marriage. Job instability is another factor that these scholars viewed as a brought by the industrial age. Here most workers would be rendered jobless as machines take up most jobs (Riggins 1). Some of these arguments are still seen to be relevant to date. For instance, in some of the most industrialized nations, machines tend to do most jobs, which human beings would have done. For example, in Britain, cotton gene replaced human labor. Secondly, the idea of job specialization has transformed most human beings to a machine like creature, preventing them of being dynamic and innovative (Caldwell 3). In conclusion, the ideologies of Marx and Engels can help in building economy that brings better relationship with nature and society. Moreover, there is no country in the world to date which practice communism or capitalism to the letter. In one ay or another, changes have been realized in countries that were first viewed as extremists. For instance, communist China now gives her citizens opportunity to keep some of their earnings. The same appears to have been adopted and adapted in USA that currently has social security systems and postal services owned by

Economic Development Project (EDP) Research Paper

Economic Development Project (EDP) - Research Paper Example Due to lack of a single definition of economic development that incorporates all its aspects, it is basically defined in terms of its objectives. As a process, it is understood as an influence on growth with the aim of enhancing the community’s economic good (Ezeala-Harrison, 1996) . Development in the economy incorporates three major areas in any community or country namely; policies that the government undertakes to meet the economy objectives which may include inflation control, employment and having sustainable growth. It also includes programs and policies that are put in place to offer services such as building roads, recreational facilities and provision of medical facilities to the disadvantaged groups in the society. It also takes into account policies and programs that are directed towards improving the business community climate through the right efforts of finance, marketing, business retention, technology transfer and real estate development (Nafziger, 2006). Addi tionally, economic development is often associated with a number of measures which include: an increase in real GNP is an important measure as it indicates the growth development of a country and may be achieved through rapid industrialization. Increase in real per capita income is also an important measure of and usually is indicated by improved standards of living in a particular country. A rise in the general well being of citizens in a particular country is also an important measure of economic development. An increase in the well being of people in normally reflected through an increase in production and consumption of goods and services. Other diverse indicators of economic development in a particular economy may include :increase in income from agricultural activities ,increase in per capital consumption of energy ,increased degree of urbanization and population levels and infant mortality that are not too high (Arndt, 2009). Generally, the main goal of economic development i s therefore the improvement of the economic well being of a community through efforts by the government that maximize on job creation and job retention, taxation structures that favor the quality of life and government incentives to support marginalized groups in the society. Additionally, communities differ in terms of their geographic and the political strengths and weakness thus posing a major difference in their economic development. Each country therefore has a different level of economic development policies, level of economic development and the strengths and weaknesses. In this project I will look at the economic development in Eritrea and Guyana which are develpimg economies (Galbraith, 2004). Relevant characteristics It is an Eastern African country which lies on the Red Sea coastline. Eritrea is bordered by Sudan in West, Ethiopia in South and Djibouti on its South East. Eritrea as a country shares maritime borders with Saudi Arabia and Yemen. The Asmara city is found in the North Western side of the Eritrea highlands. Other major cities are Assab, Kerren, Massawa, Afabet, Tessenie, Mendefera , dekemahre and Barentu. Eritrea has a population of six million persons consisting of Tigrinya -55%, Tigre -30% with the remaining being composed of small ethnic groups. Its Afro-Asiatic population is also divided in