A Student s Search For Meaning - 890 Words

A Student’s Search for Meaning As I read through Man’s Search for Meaning by Viktor E. Frankl, I grasp on to all the epiphanies and realizations that Frankl reflects upon and take them into consideration in my own life. Although I have never gone through any experiences even remotely similar to his experiences in the concentration camps, in this time in my life I am searching for meaning in a way. Moving on to a new chapter in my life, I feel as though I am trying to find my purpose, who I am, and who I will become. Therefore, Man’s Search for Meaning has provided me with multiple major insights in my own search for meaning. One of the most compelling realizations that Frankl expands upon in my opinion is the importance of love. Frankl, as he is away from his wife in the concentration camp, comes to the conclusion that â€Å"love is the ultimate and the highest goal to which man can aspire† (Frankl 37). At this time in my life, love has a different meaning for me than it did for Frankl at the time which he is reflecting upon. Love, to me, doesn’t necessarily mean romance, but rather it means care and devotion. In my life, this relates back to my family and friends, those I care for and who care for me. Love is such an important aspect in life because it is ultimately one’s strongest connection to others in their life, and without love - without people that you care about - is there a meaning in life at all? Frankl’s emphasis on love also gives a different way of approachingShow MoreRelatedHigh School Students Should Not Be Granted Greater Privacy On School Property1286 Words   |  6 PagesRiley Heerbrandt and Cade Davidson Ms. Sullivan English 3 March 3, 2016 Debate Paper High School Students Should Not be Granted Greater Privacy Rights on School Property Safety is, †the condition of being protected from or unlikely to cause danger, risk, or injury† (â€Å"Dictionary†, n.d.). 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A search or an arrest is unreasonable and unconstitutional if it is done without a warrant. However, there are exceptions when the police officers do not require a warrant to search or make an arrest. Although the warrant may not be required, the search or arrest must be justified by reasonable suspicion of wrongdoing. The search or arrest must be founded on a reasonableRead MoreStudent Rights : Censorship, Privacy, And Speech1695 Words   |  7 PagesIn the United States, students have slightly different rights in school than outside of school. While outside of school, students are considered and viewed as normal members of society. However, when in school, different things are expected of students. That is why students have slightly different rights in school than outside. The supreme court has taken many cases related to students that cover all areas of their rights. 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Many people say that this ideology goes against any other major belief, like Christianity, since Buddhism does not look toward a divine figure, but instead looks toward a place, a state of mind. Despite the major differences in the destination, I believe that Buddhists, similar to Christians, are in search for a better place, and thus theyRead MoreEDEE 212 Final1064 Words   |  5 PagesEDEE 212 Assignment 1 Part B Maryanne Griffith Student No: 220094471 Semester 2, 2013 John is a nearly seven year old student in year one. On 12/4/07, he completed a running reading of ‘Little Teddy Helps Mouse’, which is a level five reader. Running Records capture what young readers said and did while reading continuous text, usually little short stories (Clay M. , 2002)Outlined below is a recorded tally of his reading and an analysis and suggestions of the next step in advancing Johns readingRead MoreMan s Search For Meaning By Viktor E. Frankl1102 Words   |  5 Pages​Viktor E. Frankl’s novel Man’s Search for Meaning is a novel founded on the personal journey of Viktor and how he discovered his meaning in life. In the course of his discovery of the meaning of life he decides to hopefully help those in pain and sufferings find their meaning as well. The book entails tragedy and extreme misfortune in Auschwitz concentration camp as a captive; yet through this pain and suffering is where Viktor Frankl originated his will to persevere and psychological techniquesRead More1. Students Will Determine The Meaning Of Unknown Words932 Words   |  4 Pages1. Students will determine the meaning of unknown words using context clues. II. Common Core Standards **CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.4.A Use sentence-level context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.2.4 Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 2 reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies. 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Nature Trhough Romanticism and Victorian Period - 2582 Words

COMPARATIVE OF WORDSWORTH AND TENNYSON: LIFE, SOCIAL AND POLITICAL EVENTS AND WORKS. NATURE TRHOUGH ROMANTICISM AND VICTORIAN PERIOD In this paper, I’m going to compare the two great poets there is in each period that we have study: William Wordsworth as a Romantic poet and Lord Tennyson as a Victorian one. I’m going to compare their life, works and the political and social context in which they were involved because I want to demonstrate why they were the most important poets in their respective time. William Wordsworth was born in Cockermouth in Cumberland, it’s part of the scenic region in north-west England called â€Å"The Lake District†. (Victorian web) It is important because as a Romantic poet, the nature that was around†¦show more content†¦In this book we can see all his feelings about the events happened during his life. The two big works of Wordsworth made him had the distinction of â€Å"Poet Laureate†. â€Å"A Poet Laureate is a poet officially appointed by a government and often expected to compose poems for State occasions and other government events†. (wikipedia) After this brief description and analyzes of Wordsworth life I’m going to start with Lord Tennyson. Alfred Tennyson was born in a family with a lot of problems. His father and two of his brothers had mental disease. Furthermore, his father was an alcoholic. In 1827 he escaped from his house and these troubles and went to Trinity College in Cambridge. At the university he won some prizes for his poetry. In this time he was invited to join in the Apostles club where he met his best friend Arthur Hallam. This friend had an enormous influenced on Tennyson. But fatally Hallam died very young and this affected Tennyson so much. This event and the strong critics received from his work Poems made him not publish another book for nine years. In 1842 he published a work called â€Å"Poems† and it made him very popular, and his most popular work â€Å"In Memoriam† (Alfred Lord Tennyson’s poetry) appear in 1850. It was dedicated to his friend Hallam. This enormous popularity gave him the honour of to be â€Å"Poet Laureate† after the death of William Wordsworth. Although he got a big fame he continued

Journal Of Operations Management Amsterdam -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Journal Of Operations Management Amsterdam? Answer: Introduction The grocery market of Australia is one of the most organized systems on planet earth. There are two main competitors in the market namely; West farmers and Woolworths who are Coles proprietors and they take 80% of shares in the supermarket, 60% of liquors retail and half the petrols retail. In addition, groceries and supermarkets of Australia face stiff competition(Ramanujan College of Management, 2011). The sales of the company are predicted to be selling at a rate of 2.2% per year in the coming years in order to reach $98.1 billion, which is the market value according to IBIS of 2016. In challenging situations like hard economic environment, management operation is of vital importance in order to help reduce cost and increase efficiency(IGA, 2017). Analysing the following challenges and how they will influence the future of IGA supermarket will identify operation strategies for IGA. These challenges include: Changing Technologies Continued Globalization of markets including 1st and 2nd world entrants Changing customer expectations Changing job designs Quality management Global manufacturing Changing technologies Adoption of new systems of technology will ensure that buyers advance to new ways of buying items such as using of online systems to buy goods and then free or paid home delivery will be done by the IGA chain of supermarkets(IGA News, 2013). These customers will also get to enjoy fresh foods. Some of the ways that this concept will affect the operations in IGA supermarket include the following: Provision of fresh local foods will become the main objective in the supermarkets Consumers will look at the back to basics method of buying goods especially fresh groceries. Provision of locally grown and produced foods in Australia will also help improve the supermarkets. A tenth of the Australian community have the feeling that local foods are important hence want to purchase them more frequently. Redefining of the Australian community. The local centers will come up as new villages of selling greens and items. It will be essential to maintain the local connection of the people. Continued Globalization of markets including 1st and 2nd world entrants Globalization is commonly how different businesses connect all around the world. Stiff Competition in the markets This relates to the price and cost of the products, the markets targeted, quick adaptation to new technologies, faster production of goods and many other factors. The IGA supermarket should incur fewer costs and improve its sales to have large shares in the market(Bayraktar, 1994). Different customers have different tastes and thus different choices this makes their purchasing behaviors quite different. They will always need high quality products with affordable prices. The supermarkets must meet all this needs or the sales will go down leading to low profits or huge losses(Anand Nair, 2015). Hence, IGA must always be ready to meet the preferences of the customers to survive in the stiff competition. Technology exchanges Globalization is all about advancement into the global market and hence need to adopt new methods of technology that can easily venture into the global market. The Internet and electronic commerce are some the major factors that should be considered in the IGA supermarket to ensure expansion into the international markets. Technology is actually one of the basic tools that will help thrive in a competition in the global market. Latest advancements in technology will help increase sales as well as the quality of the products. Globalization has led to intense technology transfer and improvements. Most of the customers expect the best quality of services. Those stores that have invested a lot of capital in the businesses are at a greater risk and need to advance their technologies. These stores will need to have the best management of technology. Changing job designs The design of jobs refers to the plans in a business system that will aim at reducing any dissatisfactions of the employees or minimize alienation of employees due to repetitive or intricacy during jobs. This process of designing jobs will involve providing of rewards to employees and this will help IGA improve the levels of production as well as achieve employee satisfaction(Delloite, 2017). Some of the techniques used in job designs will include the following; enlargement of the job functions, enrichment of the employees, simplifying the jobs and many other techniques. Changing customer expectations Most buyers as well as the consumers of certain products and services expect quick delivery of services. Since connection among people is at least everywhere nowadays, customers will need their goods to be delivered at once or they look for alternative stores. After a research on consumers and business buyers in different regions results showed that 65% of the consumers and around 81% of buyers in businesses stated that they will always want companies to respond very quickly and interact with their buyers. To meet the above expectations then companies will have to adequately understand the necessary appropriate responses they are supposed to offer(Grson Tontini, 2017). Additionally, business managers will also need to consider the responses from their employees. Expectations that match among many consumers indicate that something needs to be done. 81% of consumers need a certain report to be clarified. As per now this is the norm in the market, as consumers will always want quick responses Anticipatory and predictive service is currently the rule by most people Customers will always look at the future as well as anticipate for good services. 76% of the buyers expect that by the year 2020 the companies will be able to anticipate want they really want and even be able to make suggestions before they contact them, while 72% of this buyers expect that in case they buy products and they are not the right ones then companies will make sure they are replaced even before reaching out to the customers(Han, 2015). However, it is important that a company predicts the needs of customers and do well prescription actions to be done. They should appropriately manage the existing data of the customers that will enable them do all the prediction of the needs. Management and processing of knowledge Good management of knowledge about the consumers will ensure that these employees are in access to accurate, consistent and necessary data essential for good job performance and efficiency. Through this, GA supermarkets will realize their benefits at a very large scale. The management of processes in the organization will look at the activities but not the results. This looks at the methods and behaviors to do certain activities. It will also include activities that aim at reducing variations as well as improving the quality of the products(IGA, 2017). Successful management of the processes and knowledge in IGA will monitor the data as well as doing of operations effectively. The high cost of purchasing of equipment as well as inventory costs will be reduced. Mistakes in the processes will also be corrected when found. Monitoring of the information and efficient controlling of the process will improve the processes. Efficient management of the process and knowledge will help reduce t he negative impacts on the environment surrounding IGA supermarkets. As these processes are to enhance prevention on the environment then the costs will be reduced and the profits increased. Strategic Quality planning This will include the mission, vision and the values of the IGA supermarket. These visions look at the concept of quality in these supermarkets. Effective quality planning will be to put more efforts on to the employees who will enable development of the mission, vision and the objectives. The quality planning will also look at the effect of the supermarkets onto the environment due to production and conducting of other services. This improves the responsibility of the supermarkets in the community. Global manufacturing The growing global markets make most of the firms need to improve their physical and human resources as well as its infrastructures so that they can easily respond to the customers needs at the same time exploiting changes in the technology(Ramanujan College of Management, 2011). GA will have to obtain skilled work force that is able to combine the different technologies and skills to ensure success. Adapting to the new technologies will help ensure all the different sectors in IGA are successful. The researching processes, innovation processes, the production processes and many others will all need to go hand in hand with the technological improvements. Other systems should also help reduce the wastes and if possible recycle any physical wastes. In order to handle these challenges IGA supermarket will have to put in place the following areas of Operations Management to assist in the success business Process Selection, Design and Analysis(Independent grocers of Australia) The design can be defined as the way the arrangement of organizations operation functions and activities of a business is done. In this review, we will discuss the layout design of IGA in three perspectives. First and foremost, the sourcing function has been a backbone to the development of IGA. The organization has taken several steps and stages to strategies their process of sourcing. There is an independent standard in the sourcing of the main commodities and raw materials, which has an assured sustenance(Anand Nair, 2015). Thirty-five raw materials and one hundred different products of different brands have been included in the sourcing outline. IGA has ensured sustained selling of seafood. To ensure the sustained selling of the seafood, it has enhanced and empowered market campaigns. This organization has also sold over one billion pound products fairly. The sales of foods from Britain have also doubled. Additionally, fish and seafood, meat and other products are bought from suppliers who maintain a high standard in their goods. Second, Corporate social responsibility to the entire environment and the community has been a key element to the development of this organization. The IGA has shown its respect to the community by doing business through measures that are friendly to the environment. It has ensured appropriate use of any waste materials. In 2010, this organization ensured zero wastage of food and raw materials(Bayraktar, 1994). The own packaging process by the consumers had 50 percent reduction in the year 2013 as compared to 2005. This organization in that same year introduced smaller carrier bags that saved approximately 125 tons of plastic and also 68 tons of carbon. For sure, this organization is impacting positively to the communities and the society at large(Subodha Kumar, 2017). Additionally, this organization has also encouraged millions of children in schools to undertake exercises by organizing games such as the Paralympic games held in 2012 and the Race to Rio helping children especially t hose from poor backgrounds. In 2013, it made donations of over 500 million pounds as charity to help alleviate poverty and construct the community. Third, this organization also aims at developing the skills and expertise of people to ensure continued success and development of the society and itself. Over 71,000 jobs have been created by this organization and also over 50 percent of the people employed by the IGA have undergone enough training even in external institutions. Additionally, approximately 21,000 workers are assured of twenty years of service in that organization. It has also created job opportunities for those people disabled or with some disadvantages. Goods and Service design Customers will tend to want to know where the goods they purchase come from and want to know the integrity and credibility of the companies they buy from. After purchasing goods for some time a customer will tend to put trust in the company he /she has been purchasing and thus this company should ensure that it provides high quality products by enhancing integrity between itself and the farmers or the suppliers who provide those goods. This study shows that the organization mainly manages the product it receives in three ways. First, the organizations main objective is to provide choices that are healthy to its customers. IGA introduced the nutritional color labeling that was coded on its packages(IGA News, 2013). Over 10,000 goods that were on market had labeling that helped customers have direct and clear knowledge of the goods they were purchasing. Additionally, this organization proposed that there should be reduced salt content on products and also alcoholic products should be re-labeled. For instance, bacon produced by IGA contains 33 percent less salt as compared to the original ones. This organization also has an aim of doubling soft alcoholic drinks within the next few years. The second way is that this organization is aimed at providing safe goods to its customers(Ramanujan College of Management, 2011). This organization plans to double the quantity of food from Britain in the next few years so that its c ustomers obtain clean, safe and fresh products. Currently, it is retailing homegrown pears and apples as well as 65 other varieties at a very large scale. In the year 2013, it was the best retailer for obtaining its chickens and pork locally. Easy transportation, reliable domestic products and deep integration with its local customers has helped this organization expand its business. Thirdly, the IGAs main objective is to provide goods and services of high standard. It has organized training to both the suppliers and the farmers and this has facilitated high quality production, easy sourcing of products and meeting of the standards required. This organization also sets standards on its goods, which help in improving the quality of products. Customers will help determine development processes in an organization as they act as the driving force for that organization. Most of the customers of the IGA are mainly those from the retailing industry though this structure is actually changing. The organization main goal is that it knows its customers more than itself(Gregory, 2017). The last major reason in the management of the customers is creating interest to the customers as well as satisfying the customers. This organization is aimed at making a difference not only to the products and services provided but also to the colleagues, customers and the relationship between all this people. To ensure that customers are adequately satisfied the IGA ensures production of better products at fair prices. Customers also have different channels of purchasing such as the stores, supermarkets and even online. The design of the layout and the queue management as discussed in this review form the foundation of IGA launching of its operations in management. The review on the product and customer management in this article indicates that these two processes require keen following of management procedures and strategies(Grson Tontini, 2017). Bottom line, an organization will be required to have a vision, goal and good businesses policies and strategies so that there is development. The IGA understands that the customers vary in taste and fashion and so does the workers. This makes them use an approach of differentiating, where customers are able to select the products they really need, while the workers can effectively work regarding the requirements of the customers. This approach also helps enhance interaction between the customers and the organization. For instance, labeling of the nutritional information on the products will help the customers spend less time. This layout design, the queue management process, and product and customer management have actually helped in improving the performance of the businesses. Increased profits and market shares is an indicator that this organization is developing(Delloite, 2017). Though, there is stiff competition that leads to troubles at the same time leading to high strategizing of businesses. Therefore, it is good to say that with appropriate management operations then a business will improve its performance. Supply Chain Design Strategy Organization refers to how businesses withstand and prosper for a longer period of time. A decision, which is strategic, can have an adverse effect on the performance of the business. Good business result is determined by the way business is operating, structured and how the resources are handled. It is beneficial for the operation manager to manage the procedures of the business, how organizations create and supply goods and services to the customer. Apart from that, resource handling along the processes in a company is very important(Ren, 2008). Products are transferred throughout from the manufacturer to the customer. Those procedures involve all departmental sections, from finance and marketing human resource management. To understand the very stiff advantages of IGA, value chain of business is studied using MI generic value chain model of Michael Porter (1985). Value chain operations for an airline company is divided into four major sections namely; Infrastructural Firm , Human Resource Managements, development of technology and procurements. Of the four sections, firm infrastructural, Human Resource Management, development of technology and procurement are grouped as support activities whereas actions in the down row are grouped as basic activities. Supermarket Value Chain Basic operations in the chain comprise of logistic, outbound logistic and marketing services. Operations show activities that change resources to products. Sales marketing refer to how businesses persuade customers to purchase their goods and services (Gregory, 2017). In the chain value of supermarkets or groceries companies, inbound logistic refers to transporting raw materials, products and other services which are always useful ingredients for a supermarket to carry out its business operations. Location of suppliers, costs of hiring trucks, costs of purchasing a warehouse, must be taken into consideration so as to ensure transportation of goods and services to have the most profits. In addition to that, logistical activities are mainly supported through Technology. IGA can use the help of todays technology to make improvements in truck routes(Han, 2015). Various operations are done after inbound logistic to ensure the quality product. Firstly, managers and specialists of food are needed to test and check the quality of the product. Products range and products brand must be selected with care. In this scenario, IGA mostly sells products manufactured by their own brands name and buy inventories from Metcash. This enhances good quality control. Thereafter, products are supplied from outbound logistic to different local warehouses. To enable stiff competition, effectiveness of the supply chain is regarded as the determining key factor. Therefore, different food manufacturers and suppliers have joined to increase productivity via group planning, forecast and replenishing (CPFR). In our case, IGA is applying the CPFR strategies with Metcash. From the proposed value chain above, IGA supermarkets must develop operational strategies to the business to maximize the efficiency. Operation of IGAs strategies will be analysed using Hill Strategy Development Framework. This is a repetitive design connecting several targets of businesses and in that design there will be routes of businesses, different strategies of markets, competing methods and guidelines on operations that will help the business compete effectively. The framework formed by Hill consists of five well-defined processes. By using the above framework, the strategy of operations of IGA can be described in the table below Corporation objectives have been defined above, which describes the business performance indicators and direction and where the objectives in the business can be well analyzed. This step is based on both the external and internal environment of a business. They include some various financial indicators such as the revenue, profit or even the norms of employees or even their standards like the skills and policies in that business. As per the objectives, the other sections comprising of the marketing strategies, qualification of order and good strategy operations have been well planned(IGA, 2017). The strategies in marketing will involve searching of markets and identifying of a business that will thrive in a particular market. Qualifiers of order and the winners of order is a process of identifying the gap between the capability of businesses and their targets. This is achieved by looking at the strategies necessary in developing of products so that they win over competitors. The performance of operations and their competitiveness can be measured in five ways: Quality, cost, speed, flexibility and dependability. IGA is currently doing its operations in most parts of Australia and even the entire Australia so that customers can access their goods faster and easily. To enhance that, this organization has maintained production of products under its own name as well as the products of Metcash(Gregory, 2017). Howev er, the stores are owned and operated separately and independently. These stores operate on their own inventories and thus can incorporate products other than those from Metcash. This makes the stores flexible and also allows the customers have an easier time while purchasing. IGA is advantaged since it incurs low operational costs. The Metcash also mentions the cost of doing business in the annual reports. Additionally, more than 950 stores ensure that the price on products is low since they undergo price match program. From the above table, it can be clearly seen that affordable prices, the quality of the services and the integrity by the organization are the major issues targeted. These organizations have an aim of improving their performance and thus are very keen on improving the communities they are staged in. Metcash donated two million dollars to the communities last year(Lombardo, 2017). There is also creation of job opportunities by ensuring training and adequate developmental programs. The IGA also encourages people to engage in various community activities as well as internal system activities and online learning. Conclusion Businesses and organizations especially IGA has to realize that efficient operations, optimization of costs and appropriate selling processes are key determinants to the success of business. Steady investments and efforts are essential in business operations. To enhance effective business operations then low transportation costs and better marketing strategies are required. Advanced technologies will also help in making business operations more efficient. To ensure growth and reduce competition then the supermarkets could also be placed strategically in areas that are convenient for both suppliers and customers. References Anand Nair, F. R.-T., 2015. A Complex Adaptive Systems Paradigm for Operations Supply Chain Issues, Michigan : Michigan State University. Bayraktar, E., 1994. New Challenges Opportunities for Operations Practitioners in the New Millennium. Retrieved from https://www.opf.slu.cz/vvr/akce/turecko/pdf/Bayraktar.pdf Delloite, 2017. Strategy and Operations case studies. [Online] Retrieved from https://www2.deloitte.com/au/en/pages/strategy/articles/case-studies-strategy-operations.html Grson Tontini, J. D. P., 2017. Improvement gap analysis. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 20(6), pp. 5-7. Gregory, L., 2017. 10 Decisions of Operations Management, Productivity. Retrieved from https://panmore.com/google-10-decisions-areas-operations-management-productivity Han, E., 2015. Regular return as IGA customers stay loyal but Aldi shoppers sample other aisles. Retrieved from https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/regular-return-as-iga-customers-stay-loyal-but-aldi-shoppers-sample-other-aisles-20150907-gjhcqj.html IGA News, 2013. IGA Launches IGA Performance Insights Marketing Program. Retrieved from https://www.iga.com/Corporate/Corporate_News/Press_Room/20130501_-_IGA_Launches_IGA_Performance_Insights_Marketing_Program.aspx IGA, 2017. Our Brands. Retrieved from: https://www.iga.com.au/our-brands/ Olhager, S. S., 2017. Operations Management Research, Netherlands: Springer International Publishing . Lombardo, J., 2017. Toyotas Operations Management, 10 Decisions, Productivity. Retrieved from https://panmore.com/toyota-operations-management-10-decisions-areas-productivity [Accessed 4 10 2017]. Manoshi Perera, S. S. K. a. J. W., 2004. Analysis of Vegetable Supply Chains of Supermarkets in Sri Lanka. Sri Lankan Journal of Agricultural Economics, 6(1), pp. 5-10. Mitchell, S., 2015. Metcash's biggest IGA chain sees light at end of tunnel. Retrieved from https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/metcashs-biggest-iga-chain-sees-light-at-end- Ramanujan College of Management, 2011. Why Operations Management is Important for a Company. Retrieved from https://www.ramanujan.edu.in/rcm/sites/default/files/Why%20Operations%20Management%20is%20Important%20for%20a%20Com Ren, C., 2008. Research on VRPTW optimizing based on k-means clustering and IGA for electronic commerce Retrieved from https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4582481/ Smith, C., 2012. Aldi Australia Case. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/ChrishanSmith/aldi-australia-case-part-1 Subodha Kumar, S. N. F. S., 2017. Special Issue on Innovation in Supply Networks in Journal of Operations Management, Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Industrial Organizational Psychology Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theIndustrial Organizational Psychology. Answer: Working conditions The working conditions play a pivotal role in the market growth and sustenance of a company. The basic problems related to the work environment of Foxconn are longer working hours, lack of sufficient skills in the employees, communication gaps within the workforce. However, as argued by Bergman Jean (2016), the applied problems based on the field of work are much more complex in nature. These include recruitment, placement, training and performance measurements. Foxconn have recently faced some of the loopholes related to the balancing of work related stress due to working for longer hours. Stress at the place of work is one of the indispensable hazards. It not only affects the job satisfaction but also has an adverse impact on the health of an employee. In this respect, stress may arise due to a mismatch between the demand and pressure levied upon the employee and the ability to cope up with the same. As mentioned by Gereffi Lee (2016), the Industrial Organizational (I/O) psychologists can play a crucial role in effective stress management by providing the employees with the required amount of training. Safety and health The management of health and safety concerns at the workplace is one of the distinguishing features of Industrial organisational psychology. As commented by Sanz-Calcedo et al. (2015), a healthy workforce helps in enhancing the productivity of an organization. For the purpose of which Occupational health and safety management practices need to be implemented by Foxconn. Thus, conducting workplace surveys by Foxconn Human resource managers and I/O psychologists have revealed the lack of organizational frameworks. Thus, incorporating health and safety factor (legislation) and regulatory and non-regulatory frameworks within the organization could prevent injuries and accidents. Some of the important legislations implemented by the Department of Occupational Safety, Malaysia are Occupational Health and Safety Act (1994), Factories and Machinery Act (1967). Industrial relations and integration of workers Industrial organizational culture refers to the study of behaviour depicted by the staff within an organisational setting. The I/O psychologists play a pivotal role in the integration of the workers within the organizational culture. In this respect, conflicting situation often arises in the implementation of revised HRM policies within an organization. As commented by Santos et al. (2013), collectively bargained agreements and resistance offered by existing labour forces often possess hindrances in achieving the desired outcome. The Foxconn group of companies need to maintain clear and transparent integration process within the workforce by bringing about a mutual consent within the workforce. However, lack of consent regarding organizational policies within the HRM and the workforce of Foxconn has resulted in major hindrances. Living conditions The current Malaysian electronic market has seen the problem of forced labour. In this context, many of the employees had to reportedly pay an exorbitant amount of fees for getting into electronic companies and were stuck without proper documents. Foxconn has been a long time contributor in the Malaysian electronics market in terms of providing affordable electronic products. However, the Foxconn group of companies lack proper documentation procedures for the absorption of its employees. The HRM and the I/O specialists can apply survival theories for providing the employees with more space and freedom within the organisation. This helps in preserving a positive organizational culture and maximizes the productivity of the workforce. References Bergman, M. E., Jean, V. A. (2016). Where have all the "workers" gone? A critical analysis of the unrepresentativeness of our samples relative to the labour market in the industrialorganizational psychology literature. Industrial and Organizational Psychology,9(1), 84-113. Earle, T. (2016).The Use Of Hypnosis As An Adjunct To Cognitive--Behavioural Therapy In Treatment Of Problem Gambling Developed As Stress Management Following A Workplace Injury. Australian Journal of Clinical Experimental Hypnosis,41(1). Gereffi, G., Lee, J. (2016). Economic and social upgrading in global value chains and industrial clusters: Why governance matters.Journal of Business Ethics,133(1), 25-38. Guzzo, R. A., Fink, A. A., King, E., Tonidandel, S., Landis, R. S. (2015). Big data recommendations for industrialorganizational psychology.Industrial and Organizational Psychology,8(4), 491-508. Jacobs, S., Johnson, S., Hassell, K. (2017). Managing workplace stress in community pharmacy organisations: lessons from a review of the wider stress management and prevention literature.International Journal of Pharmacy Practice. Santos, G., Barros, S., Mendes, F., Lopes, N. (2013). The main benefits associated with health and safety management systems certification in Portuguese small and medium enterprises post quality management system certification.Safety Science,51(1), 29-36. Sanz-Calcedo, J. G., Gonzlez, A. G., Lpez, O., Salgado, D. R., Cambero, I., Herrera, J. M. (2015). Analysis on integrated management of the quality, environment and safety on the industrial projects.Procedia Engineering,132, 140-145. Wagner, I., Lillie, N. (2014). European integration and the disembedding of labour market regulation: transnational labour relations at the European Central Bank construction site.JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies,52(2), 403-419. Yoon, S. J., Lin, H. K., Chen, G., Yi, S., Choi, J., Rui, Z. (2013). Effect of occupational health and safety management system on work-related accident rate and differences of occupational health and safety management system awareness among managers in South Korea's construction industry. Safety and health at work,4(4), 201-209.

Gaming Console (Android) Essay Example Essay Example

Gaming Console (Android) Essay Example Paper Gaming Console (Android) Essay Introduction In our generation, many application programs are being developed and are widely used in our industry, economy, education, and others; in short, application programs are now being part of our everyday life. In addition to this, many games are being created and developed with the use of different application programs more specifically the Android application program. The innovation and development of many application programs enhances the creativity and developmental skills of the programmers to make a more advanced and high class type of game. Android is from Google, and it has the most detailed interface of the available operating systems. It was released by Google in 2008 and became the No. 1 smartphone OS in the world. Because of its flexibility, you can set it up to meet your needs. Android is the most popular smartphone platform followed by IOS that is the easiest to learn, but Android offers more flexibility and control. On android phones, apps, games and content like movies and music are being sold in a one unified marketplace; it’s the Google Play Store. The apps and games in this store are about 675,000 which is just below the number of its competing company; the Apple’s App Store. Today, if people knows that you have a mobile phone that has an Android application program, people are amazed and is wanting to see the different features of that Android application program. So, the researcher became curious about the features of an Android operating system; more specifically the games because basically, when you’ve heard the word â€Å"Android apps†, you will definitely think about the game features of it. Gaming Console (Android) Essay Body Paragraphs When it comes to games, according to Jeffrey Van Camp, the Google Play store still pales in comparison to Apple’s thriving iPhone game selection, but it’s making up ground and many iOS developers are porting their games over. Things are beginning to change for gamers on Android. Our world is going crazy about smartphones and apps, the Android and iOS being two major rivals in the battle of mobile operating systems, their hardware and software technology had became close enough to give console quality gaming on tablets and smartphones. Thanks to the game developers who have used the hardware potential on such devices and made it possible to run HD games on these handsets. Although most smartphones are capable enough to run all sorts of games, but there exists a group of people who just exclusively love gaming on their Android or iOS devices and as a result gaming console projects have emerged to bring console gaming back on mobile devices. There was a time when Sony and Nintendo dominated the console gaming but now there are smart phones and wide availability of games in app store that match their experience stealing all the spot light from these pioneers. Companies like Nvidia are showing keen interest in mobile gaming consoles looking at their future. Android being open source has become a platform for mobile gaming consoles besides ability to run normal apps. Here are a few experimental mobile (Android) gaming console projects that will be available in 2013, 1. Nvidia Shield Nvidia shield has a gaming controller based design with 5 inch 1280 X 720 HD display and pixel density of 294 ppi. The console runs on powerful Nvidia Tegra 4 quad-core ARM A15 processor with 2 GB RAM and a 72 core GeForce GPU. The console comes with 16 GB of flash storage and Bluetooth, GPS and Wi-Fi. The sensors included are gyro and accelerometer, it has integrated speakers and it is a fully functional console with Dual analog joysticks, D-pad, Left/right analog triggers, Left/right bumpers, A/B/X/Y buttons, Volume control, Android Home and Back buttons, Start button and NVIDIA power/multi-function button. The console has dimensions 158mm (w) x 135mm (D) x 57mm (H) and weighs 579 grams. The battery capacity is 28. 8 watt hours. The console runs on Android 4. 2 stock JellyBean and supports Google Play, Tegra zone and comes with 2 pre-installed games. The console supports micro USB, micro SD storage card, 3. 5 mm headphone jack, mini HDMI output and ability to stream content and games wirelessly to your TV. The console has a price tag of 349 USD. 2. Quya Quya is a beautiful, affordable and hack able gaming console on Android for TV. The console runs on Nvidia Tegra 3 quad-core processor with 1 GB of RAM and GeForce GPU. The console runs Android 4. and 8 GB of internal flash storage, Bluetooth 4. 0, Wi-Fi, Ethernet and USB 2. 0. The console has Wireless controller with standard controls (two analog sticks, d-pad, eight action buttons, a system button) and a touch-pad. Others features of Quya is that every game is free to try, if you like that game, then you can buy it using credit or debit card. In addition to gaming, users can stream movies, shows and music right from their console. The memory is expandable via USB. Quya also helps you to create the game using your ideas and free Quya tools. You can even root it or add peripherals and that doesn’t tamper the warranty of Quya. You can buy the console at 99 USD, 49 USD for extra controller. 3. Game stick Ever thought of turning your TV into a gaming console just by plugging USB stick, Game stick is all about this. Plug the game stick to your TV HDMI port and it turns into a gaming console; controller comes with Bluetooth game pad. The console by PlayJam does have option of multi-functional dock that is available at Amazon that can wirelessly charge game stick and add up to 64GB of storage. Dock is also equipped with one HDMI, 3 USB ports and one Ethernet port. You can even add peripherals using dock or just use game stick and Bluetooth enabled game controller to play games on your TV. The standard bundle of game stick with game pad at $79 USD is not a bad deal. If you wish you can buy the multi-functional dock for 24. 99 USD to add more peripherals to your game stick. http://thetecnica. com/2013/05/future-of-mobile-gaming-with-android-gaming-console-project 1. 1. ) Rationale for this research Because of the continuous innovation and development of technology in our generation, many application programs are being created to make our life easier and convenient. Technology affects our everyday lives. Many people nowadays are having a pleasure time playing different applications and games on their mobile phones. They find it great and relaxing when they are playing games. For an individual that is only playing games on their mobile, it is an indication that he/she doesn’t take seriously the problems that he/she encounter in hi/her life which is one of the best way to enjoy life that God has given to us. The researcher thought about the game features of the most popular operating system for smartphone nowadays; the Android operating system (Android 4. 1 a. k. a Jelly Bean). The researcher wants to determine the different gaming consoles in an Android mobile. For us to have a more convenient and easeful access to the game features in Android mobiles, we need to know every data in the gaming console features of it. In studying this research, it is more helpful in the future for research and development of games in Android mobile if there’s an additional gaming console article or research about it. For future problems or inquiries regarding this matter, it can help people to have innovated further the games in Android because Android is an open source, it can be modified or anyone can develop its software. This research seeks to add to the body of knowledge in the field of game console applications in Android. 1. 2. ) Stat ement of the problem This study aims to have information about gaming console in Android mobiles. Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions: 1. Requirement Analysis, Design and Development . 1 What are the features of each available game consoles of Android? 1. 2 What are the designs of each game console application? 1. 3 How many Android games can be installed in every Android mobile? 2. Evaluation of the game console applications of Android 2. 1 What is the level of awareness of the respondents on the existence of Android games? 2. 2 How do the respondents rate the level of importance of the Android games in term of the following features? 2. 2. 1 Interface; 2. 2. 2 Functionality; 2. 2. 3 Availability; and 2. 2. Accessibility 2. 3 How do the respondents rate the level of effectiveness of the game console application of Android? 2. 4 What is the level of acceptance of the respondents to the game console applications of Android? 1. 3. ) Objectives The objectiv e of this research was: 1. In conducting this research, it seeks to determine the gaming console applications in Android mobile. 2. To add to a body of knowledge for the people to have information for future inquiries and problems about gaming console applications in Android mobiles. . A very careful survey to determine the response, awareness and acceptance of people for gaming consoles in Android mobile. 1. 4. ) Methodology This presents the research method used, the respondents of the study, instrumentation, data gathering techniques and procedures, the statistical treatment of data, software development methodology, and the technologies proposed to be used for development. Before going further on the discussion of this chapter, the process on how the research was conducted are as follows: 1. The researcher will be using books, internet and other professionals as reference to know the important information about the gaming consoles in Android mobile. If it needs to hire an IT exp ert for the researcher to have knowledge about it, then it may do. 2. The researcher will also use survey and questionnaires to determine how the respondents rate the level of importance of the Android game consoles in terms of the following features: 1. Interface 2. Functionality 3. Availability 4. Accessibility 1. 5. ) We will write a custom essay sample on Gaming Console (Android) Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Gaming Console (Android) Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Gaming Console (Android) Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Definition of Consumption within Sociology

Definition of Consumption within Sociology In sociology, consumption is about so much more than just taking in or using up resources. Humans consume to survive, of course, but in todays world, we also consume to entertain and amuse ourselves, and as a way to share time and experiences with others. We consume not only material goods but also  services, experiences, information, and cultural products like art, music, film, and television. In fact, from the sociological perspective, consumption today is a central organizing principle of social life. It shapes our everyday lives,  our values, expectations and practices, our relationships with others, our individual and group identities, and our overall experience in the world. Consumption According to Sociologists Sociologists recognize that many aspects of our daily lives are structured by consumption. In fact, Polish sociologist Zygmunt Bauman wrote in the book Consuming Life that Western societies are no longer organized around the act of production, but instead, around consumption. This transition began in the United States in the mid-twentieth century,  after which most production jobs were moved overseas, and our economy shifted to retail and the provision of services and information. As a consequence, most of us spend our days consuming rather than producing goods. On any given day, one might travel to work by bus, train, or car; work in an office that requires electricity, gas, oil, water, paper, and a host of consumer electronics and digital goods; purchase a tea, coffee, or soda; go out to a restaurant for lunch or dinner; pick up dry cleaning; purchase health and hygiene products at a drug store; use purchased groceries to prepare dinner, and then spend the evening watching television, enjoying social media, or reading a book. All of these are forms of consumption. Because consumption is so central to how we live our lives, it has taken on great importance in the relationships we forge with others. We often organize visits with others around the act of consuming, whether that be sitting down to eat a home-cooked meal as a family, taking in a movie with a date, or meeting friends for a shopping excursion at the mall. In addition, we often use consumer goods to express our feelings for others through the practice of gift-giving, or notably, in the act of proposing marriage with an expensive piece of jewelry. Consumption is also a central aspect of the celebration of both secular and religious holidays, like Christmas, Valentine’s Day, and Halloween. It has even become a political expression, like when we buy ethically produced or sourced goods, or engage in a boycott of a certain product or brand. Sociologists also see consumption as an important part of the process of forming and expressing both individual and group identities. In Subculture: The Meaning of Style, sociologist Dick Hebdige observed that identity is often expressed through fashion choices, which allows us to classify people as hipsters or emo, for example. This happens because we choose consumer goods that we feel say something about who we are. Our consumer choices are often meant to reflect our values and lifestyle, and in doing so, send visual signals to others about the kind of person we are. Because we associate certain values, identities, and lifestyles with consumer goods, sociologists recognize that some troubling implications follow the centrality of consumption in social life. We often make assumptions, without even realizing it, about a person’s character, social standing, values, and beliefs, or even their intelligence, based on how we interpret their consumer practices. Because of this, consumption can serve processes of exclusion and marginalization in society  and can lead to conflict across lines of class, race or ethnicity, culture, sexuality, and religion. So, from the sociological perspective, theres much more to consumption than meets the eye. In fact, theres so much to study about consumption that theres a whole subfield dedicated to it: the sociology of consumption.

Interest Rate SWAPS Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Interest Rate SWAPS - Literature review Example According to Pelsser (2000) the market related to derivative securities has been stated to be perceived similar to an insurance market in relation to the considered financial risks. The rapid rate of globalisation in terms of the capital markets has resulted in a significant rise in the level of volatility related to interest rate across the globe. Numerous companies displayed a preference in favour of purchasing insurance in opposition to the rising improbability and instability with regard to the market linked to interest rate. Owing to this particular rationale, the market related to interest rate derivatives witnessed a sharp rise and development during the past two decades (Crotty & North Carolina State University, 2006). It was stated by Whaley (2006) that interest rate derivatives are referred to those kind of derivatives which are supposed to make available the pay-offs that are ascertained by the way of alterations that takes place in the interest rates. The similar derivati ve products that were made use of with the intention to handle and deal with the risks related to foreign exchange were found to posses the competence of managing the risks related to interest rates as well (Kohn, 1990). The popular form of derivative product that was found to be used in this context was the interest rate swaps. ... The advantage of tailoring or modifying the risks associated with interest rates in accordance with the requirements of a particular risk manager was attributed to be the major cause behind its popularity. Interest rate swaps have been recognised to be the most extensively applied form of interest rate derivative (Grant & Marshall, 1997; Bodnar & et. al., 1995; Moffet & Karlsen, 1994). Interest rate swap has been stated to be quite an effectual instrument. It is competent of being structured at quite a decreased degree of cost and is also supposed to be less pricey in comparison to a fresh loan with a fixed rate (Schaeffer & Ludwig, 1993). According to Coyle (2001), the concept of interest rate swap is referred to the swap over of payment of interests based on a theoretical amount with regard to the principal. In such instances, one particular party is believed to disburse a preset interest rate with regard to the principal amount for the duration in relation to the swap. Similarly, the other involved party continues disbursing a floating interest rate which is attuned or rather periodically altered. The notion of interest rate has been explained as the sum of money or funds that is assured to be paid by a particular borrower to the concerned lender. The usage or the execution of an interest rate is learnt to be dependent on the degree of relative credit risk as it is believed that the more the expected degree of credit risk, the rate of interest that is assured by the specific borrower also soars and gets increased in relation to it. The interest rate swap is considered to be quite popular and has been stated to be amongst the chief

Using the Concept of Network Externalities in Detecting Monopolistic Essay

Using the Concept of Network Externalities in Detecting Monopolistic Practices as in the Case of Microsoft Company - Essay Example they are connected in a virtual network. Examples of compatible products are computer hardware and software, phonographs and records, and television sets and programing. In extreme cases, network externalities may cause markets to fail as when an inferior product ‘tips’ the network towards adopting it over a superior product because it arrived first (Page & Lopatka, 1999, p.955). A market is said to have ‘tipped’ when it settles on a single standard for a product, such as software platforms (p.960). Proposition: ‘Microsoft acted illegally to extend its monopoly power.’ Corporate acts deemed anticompetitive are those that foster competition not on the merits, and lead to insufficient distribution compensation. An example is when a sufficiently large number of distributors agree to exclusivity over a sufficiently lengthy period, because this tends to drive rival firms out of the market. Distributors who have not by then signed up with the dominant firm will then have to pay a monopoly price (Rasmusen, Ramseyer & Wiley, 1991). Microsoft, as dominant firm intending to defend its market position, undertook four actions with regard to Internet Explorer (IE) vis-a-vis original dominant browser, Netscape Navigator: (1) Microsoft invested massively in browser technology; (2) IE was zero-priced; (3) Microsoft signed exclusive distribution contract with Internet access providers; and (4) Microsoft bundled IE with Windows. The court found that investment in browser technology and zero pricing were not uncompetitive, but declared exclusive distribution contracts and tying or bundling arrangements as uncompetitive (Klein, 2001, pp.46-47). Arguments in favor of illegality Microsoft engaged in actively ‘tipping’ the market, thus preventing the adoption of what could...This paper offers a comprehensive review of the concept of network externalities and its practical applications in helping to detect the uncompetitive actions f rom companies. Using the example of the Microsoft company, the essay exhibits its possible excessive use of dominant market position, through the help of provisions of network externalities theory In separate cases, governments (the US and EU) and attorneys in class action suits claimed that Microsoft’s contracts with original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) were exclusionary and anticompetitive, thereby maintaining its operating system (OS) and later its internet browser. These allegedly caused consumers to pay higher prices, discouraged innovation, and restricted trade in violation of the Sherman Act. Microsoft countered that it was not a monopoly because it still faced strong competition in a dynamic industry; its success was procompetitive because consumers benefited from its software distribution; and imposition of antitrust remedies would reduce innovation instead of encouraging it. Corporate acts deemed anticompetitive are those that foster competition not on the merits, and lead to insufficient distribution compensation. Microsoft’s OS provided a platform with network and family effects, and its contracts, while exhibiting some arguably anticompetitive characteristics such as imposing penalties, also includes terms that provide exceptional value to its customers that, as in the case of AOL, tangibly improve their businesses.

Place Your Vote Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Place Your Vote - Essay Example Why energy is an important factor to consider when electing a presidentI would like to bring back some memories that most Americans would love to erase from their memories. This concerns the high oil prices that were experienced during Bush’s tenure in White House in 2008. This is a clear indication of the intricate nature of the oil prices to the American economy. Schoen (2008) while talking about the price increases by over 50 percent in January of 2008 observed that:â€Å"Airlines have been struggling to make a profit, even as they cut jobs and flights. American Airlines became the latest to announce it was tightening its belt another notch, saying Thursday that it plans to shrink capacity by as much as 12 percent and cut thousands of jobs† (Schoen, 2008)Furthermore, Schoen elaborates that these airlines were contemplating an increase in the prices of checking the first bag. He contends that smaller airlines would have had to file for bankruptcy. Other industries, su ch as the automobiles also experienced a drop in sales which is definitely not good to the overall wellness of the economy. Moreover, the price of food and other household goods were expected to rise. Threats of inflation were being envisaged at the time and these tended to spill over to the housing sector and the credit markets (Schoen, 2008). This led to job losses, higher costs of living and a generally dented economy.During this trying time inflation was attributed to the high oil prices that were being experienced.  

The Organizational Orientation Of Loreal Marketing Essay

The Organizational Orientation Of Loreal Marketing Essay In technique progress era, development of technology, science, education, economy and society offer people to have better quality of living. One part of this, it is high demands and possibility to satisfy them in terms of the external beauty and health. In our days, most of people would like to be attractive, fit and nice-looking. The global world we are living in sets stereotypes that become models. Models are represented extensive all around us in everyday life such as on the TV, in the commercials, in the magazines, on the billboard, in the fashion shows, in the streets and even at school or at workplace. Consequently, a lot of people want to look like models. Men and women would like to have a smooth and clear skin with a perfect body shape for a magnificent life. These desires and trends are rising and seen as a gold mine for the beauty care market. Concerning to the growth of purchasing power in customers and market trend that community turn out to be more conscious of hygiene and beauty, it affects to the quick growth in beauty care industry, particularly in this decade. Due to the characteristic of the market is quite high by value, thus it attracts many companies to enter to this market frequently. Huge number of domestic and multinational companies tries to take as much advantages as possible on the beauty market. Because of the attractiveness, rapid growth and high potential the beauty products market could be characterized like highly competitive and customer market. For achieve success on this field, company should have high level of technology and innovations, for be able to satisfy customers needs in high quality innovative beauty products. But staking only on technology will not bring victory. Nowadays, the most important capabilit ies for the company it is talent to market their product effectively by correctly using marketing mix, choosing right marketing strategy and determine strength, weaknesses, opportunities and treats of company. Correct applying marketing mix, which is a combination of main marketing elements (4 Ps): product, price, place and promotion, is a key element of companys success. In this coursework we are trying to explore and evaluate the Marketing activities of LOreal. LOreal is one most famous and largest and successful world player on cosmetic market, one of the biggest in the world due to the size, total revenue, profitability, and growth rate. We have analyzed the marketing strategies of LOreal throughout detection of the Organization Orientation, realizing the impact of the Marketing Mix and an internal and external (SWOT) analysis of the company will also be given in this paper. Companys History LOreal is one of the biggest companies in France, in the worlds largest manufacturing of high quality cosmetics and perfumes. LOreal registered office in Paris and head office in the Paris suburb of Clichy, Hauts-de-seine, France. The LOreal Company has 68900 employees worldwide. The lead the cosmetics worldwide and distributed the product 130 countries with 27 global brands. These brands annual sales are superior à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬50 million. They produced 5 key expertises for the customer they are hair care, hair color, skin care, make-up and Fragrances. It boasts a world-wide distribution network as well as the industrys highest research and development budget and the largest cosmetological laboratory in the world.(LOreal, 2012) LOreal is a listed company, but the founders daughter Liliane Bettencourt, her name is Eugne Schueller. On July 30, 1909, Schuller registered his company, the Socià ©tà © Franà §aise de Teintures Inoffensives pour Cheveux (Safe Hair Dye Company of France literally French Society of Inoffensive Tinctures for Hair), the original LOrà ©al. The guiding principles of the company, which eventually became LOreal, were research and innovation in the field of beauty. The key people of this company are Jean-Paul Agon(Chairman and CEO), Lilliane Bettencourt(Non-executive director and major shareholder).LOreals story begins in turn-off century paris, at the time when women of the demi-monde dyed their hair, their choice restricted to fiery red or coal black. In 1907, Eugene Schueller, a young chemist, began to concoct the first synthetic hair salons in the morning under the brand name Aureole. His strategy was successful: within two years he established the societe Francaise des teintures in offensive Pour chevex, which soon afterward became LOreal.(LOreal,2012) In 1912, the company extended its sales to Austra, Holland and Italy and by 1920. LOreal products were available in a total of 17 countries, including the United States, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Equador, Bolivia, and the Soviet Union and in the Far East. The end of the world war LOreal was celebrated by the Jazz age, when short hairstyles became fashionable, with a new emphasis on shape and color. In 1920, the small company employed three chemists. By 1950, the research teams were 100 strong; that number reached 1,000 by 1984 and is nearly 2,000 today. By the end of the 1920, there were 40,000 hair salons in France alone and LOreals new product ocap, imedia Liquide and coloral captured the its first move toward diversification, purchasing the soal company Monsavon. LOreal has five worldwide research and development centers: two in France: Aulnay and Chevilly; one in the U.S.: Clark, New Jersey; one in Japan: Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture; and in 2005. one was established in Shanghai, chi na. A future facility in the US will be in Berkeley Heights, New Jersey. (LOreal, 2012) In the 1930s and 1940s, platinum-haired screen idols such as Jean Harlow and Mae West made blond hair especially popular and bleaches such as LOrà ©al Blanc sold well. LOrà ©al was quick to make use of both old and new media to promote its products. In 1933, Schueller commissioned famous artists of the time to design posters and launched his own womens magazine, Votre Beautà ©. Dop, the first mass-market shampoo, was promoted through childrens hair-lathering competitions at the highly popular French circuses and by 1938 LOreal was advertising its hair products with radio jingles.(LOreal, 2012) In 1953, LOreal won an advertisement Oscar, the first in a long series of awards. In 1994, LOreal buys control of corsair from Nestle, Bettencourt. On 17 marches 2006, LOreal purchased cosmetics company The Body Shop for à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¤652 million. In October 2011 , the LOreal started the largest factory in the Jababeka industrial Park, Cikarang, Indonesia with total investment of US 50 million. The production will be absorbed 25 percent by domestic market and the will be exported. In 2010 significant growth occurred at Indonesia with 61 percent increase of unit sales or 28 percent of net sale. LOrà ©als structure remains unchanged, with the group consisting of a federation of competitive companies, including 147 production and distribution facilities worldwide, divided into five divisions. Only research and development facilities and overall management control are centralized.(LOreal, 2012) The current ownership of this company are 27.5pc by the Bettencourt family, 26.4pc by Nestle, 3.9pc by treasury shares and remaining 42.2 are public (LOreal, 2012). The Organizational Orientation of LOreal There are various types of business orientations 3.1 Production Orientation Production orientation is a marketing concept that concentrates on the interior capabilities of the firm rather than on desires and needs of customers. This type orientation means that management assesses its resources and reply on these questions: What is easy to produce using our equipment?, What services are most convenient for the firm to offer and Where do our talents lie (Lamb, Hair, McDaniel, 2011). According to Brassington Pettitt (2006), production orientation emphasizes on affordability and availability of the products and thus production oriented firms focuses on efficient production and distribution techniques. A production orientation short falls because it doesnt consider whether the products that the company produces most efficiently also meet the needs of customer. Sometimes when competition is weak, production oriented-company could survive. 3.2. Product orientation Product oriented company believes that they have a best product, based on the quality and features, and their consumers will like these goods and services. (Learn Marketing, 2010). Adcock et, al. (2001) state that product orientation is concentrated on products rather than needs and customers desires. Quality and design of products are main value categories for the companies which apply product orientation. Brassington Pettitt (2006) say that these companies suppose that the consumers are concerned in the products and that they are interested in the quality. 3.3. Sales Orientation The company with a sales orientation assumes that customers show buying inertia and have to be persuaded into buying more. According to Brassington Pettitt (2006) sales oriented firms thinks that the products are sold, not bought. They emphasize on advertising, direct mail, e-mail blasts and other sales techniques, assuming that the customers are reluctant to purchase. These actions can result in short-term gains in audience. But because of the company is not communicate with the consumers, the sales oriented companys constantly has to recruit a huge number of subscribers who do not renew (Byrnes, 2009). 3.4. Marketing Orientation Market orientation means put customer at the heart of business. Adcock (2001) says that market orientation takes place when the consumers identify the difference in a company and when all the advantages proposed to the consumers are measured. According to Jobber (2001) marketing oriented organizations concentrate on the consumer wants and for them the opportunities arise from the changing wants of the consumers or market. Brassington Pettitt (2006) believe that a company which is concentrated in its marketing and production activities with the understanding of the consumer wants and satisfaction is market oriented. The main benefit of a company being market oriented is that it would have a top consumer value and there would be a coherence in higher performance in the business. The concept of market orientation is laid on three pillars of customer focus, coordinated marketing and profitability. Customer focus: at the middle of creating future corporate strategy lay consumer centricity. To serve the clients rather than sell products is a main philosophy of the company. Realize consumers as a strategic assets companies establish long-term relationships with clients. Coordinated Marketing: marketing has to become a synchronized, cross-disciplinary function of company. Customers are duty of the entire company. These factors have together detained marketing from becoming a coordinated activity that involves supplementary functions such as finance, operations, human resources and strategy within any company. Profitability: profitability includes both financial dimensions (such as ROI, EVA, and market share) and non-financial dimensions (such as behavioral patterns, awareness and attitudes). This set observation would allow companies to make equilibrium between sh ort term and long term profitability with regard to the long term financial health of the company (Venture Republic, 2012). LOreal concentrates on their customers and tries to find out their material and emotional wishes. Company obtains a wide range of products and consumed by all age groups. According to LOreal (2012) mission of company: Beauty for all. LOrà ©al proposes women and men global the best of quality, effectiveness and safeness cosmetics innovation. It pursues this goal by meeting the endless diversity of beauty needs and desires worldwide (LOreal, 2012). Group enables to meet the expectations of every customer while adapting to local distribution conditions worldwide their organizations of groups divisions. LOreal has five main Business Divisions: LOreal Luxe, Consumer Products, Professional Products, Active Cosmetics and The Body Shop (LOreal, 2012). According to LOreal 2012 Beauty for all also means beauty for each individual. LOreal is influenced that there is no sole and unique model of beauty, but a limitless variety forms of beauty, tied to periods, cultures, history and individualities. LOreal try to realize strategy of universalizing beauty. Company wants to build a new respectful and more attentive globalization universalizing beauty model. Universalizing beauty is adapting beauty and make it accessible for everyone, without making it global or uniform. This aim means that they try to change the market wants and implement new beauty concepts. To achieve this goal, company has considerably reinforced Research and Innovation panelsl in all the main markets of tomorrow, whereas extending their industrial cover age. LOreal observes local beauty needs and customs. The centricity of the project of targeting new customers is a companys research, and is creating itself to take up the challenge: to produce cosmetics products modif ied to the enormous variety of the world, LOreal has set up research hubs in each region (LOreal, 2012). Company facilitates access to cosmetics products. To make the best in beauty availablae for everyone, LOrà ©al takes steps forward each year. Company are able to reach every customer with a portfolio of 27 international brands and an organizational structure, at the same time let be for the specifics of distribution in every country. In this terms LOrà ©al pushes back boundaries and takes up the challenge of more and more available innovation (LOreal, 2012). Thus its crystal clear that LOreal is a Market Oriented company whereas they attempt to understand the customer or market needs and manufacture products respectively to accomplish the companys goals. And they highlight that people are the major strength of the firm. Internal / External audit of LOreal 4.1. Brands and Products LOreal produces and distributes five main groups of products. Professional Products. The Professional Products Division sells its products via hair salons worldwide. The portfolio of professional products is able to satisfy the needs of all types of salons. Being a privilege partner of hairdressers, LOreal offers best technologies and high-level of education what allow provide customers with professional services. In this group include brands: Redken, Kerastase, Matrix, PureOlogy, Shu Uemura art of Hair, Mizani, Kerskin Esthetics. Total sales of these products in 2011 were 2 813.8 millions euro and growth 2011/2010 posted +3.6%. The biggest sales are in geographic zone North America 1 018.6 millions euro, but more quick growth of sales 2011/2010 was estimated by geographic zone New Market +6.3% and its sales 2011 accounted for 817.6 million euro (LOreal, 2012). Consumer Products. According to LOreal (2012): The Consumer Products Divisions mission is universal: to offer the best in beauty innovation to the greatest number of people on every continent at accessible price. Its brands are available in all mass-market channels (hypermarkets, supermarkets, drugstores and traditional stores). The division is the spearhead of the groups quest to win over a further billion consumers. This division includes the most famous brands of the group: LOreal Paris (premium brand with Elseve, Elnett, Studio Line, Perfection, Plenitude, Body Expertise, Dermo-Expertise, Solar Expertise, Kids, Progress Homme, Men Expert and Ombrelle), Garniere (includes brands like Ambre Solaire, Fructis, Nutrisse, Ultra Doux, Skin Naturals, Neutralia and Obao), Maybelline, Softsheen-Carson, Club des Createurs de Beaute and essie (LOreal, 2012). Total sales of division in 2011 were 9 835.2 million euro and were shown growth 2011/2010 approximately +3.2%. In geographic zone New Market was estimated highest sales (3 957.1 million euro), most successful business segment was Make-up (2 882.3 million euro sales 2011, +6.2% sales growth) (LOreal, 2012). LOreal Luxe. The Products Division the Luxury products division combines together a exclusive set of brands, concentrating particularly on three key business segments: skincare, make-up and fragrances. Products of this division are delivering throughout department stores, perfumeries and travel retail outlets, free standing stores and through e-commerce websites. Brands are: Lancome, Yves Saint Laurent, Giorgio Armani, Biotherm, Cacharel, Diesel, Maison Martin Margiela, ViktorRolf, Ralph Lauren, Kiehls, Shu Uemura, Stella Mc Cartney. Based on reported figures sales 2011 this division amounted to 4 506.6 millions euro and increase of 6.5%. Like-for-like, i.e. based on the comparable structure and identical exchange rate, the sales growth was +8.2%. Dynamic New Market achieved sales growth of +12.3% based on reported figures and +14.0% on like-for-like. The most successful was Skincare business segment, it delivered sales growth of 14.6% like-for-like and 13.6% based on report figures (LOreal, 2012). Active Cosmetics. The active Cosmetics division sells its products worldwide in all types of health channel (pharmacies, drugstores, medi-spas and dermatologists). Its unique portfolio of six admiring brands (Vichy, La Roshe-Posay, Skinceuticals, Inneov, RogerGallet, Sanoflore). These products satisfy the need for beauty through the skins health and active cosmetics divisions works in close partnership with health professionals, dermatologists, paediatricians and doctors practicing aesthetic medicine. It is have made the division world number one in dermocosmetics. The Active Cosmetic Division delivered in 2011 growth of +3.2% like-for-like and +2.6% based on the reported figures, driven by its successes in New Markets and North America (LOreal, 2012). The Body Shop. The body Shop was established in 1976 in the United Kingdom by Dame Anita Roddick. The Body Shop has strong ethical commitment and well-known by its sensorial products stimulated by nature. More than 65% of the products contain Community Fair Trade ingredients. At the end of 2011, the Body Shop sales recorded like-for-like growth at +3.8% and 3.9% based on reported figures. The brand is delivering strong growth in the New Markets. (LOreal, 2012) 4.2. Marketing Strategy LOreal company is present in 130 countries in the world. It sells 130 products every second. The group have more than 50,000 outlets throughout the world. Now days, LOreal is the biggest international brand in Cosmetics. The marketing strategy of LOreal mainly depends upon customer needs. They had done in-depth research of all the cultures and people of different countries. According to the company, tomorrows beauty will be global and universal and will respect the unique nature of each region. LOreal Researchs mission will, therefore, be to understand and adapt to all women and men in order to offer the best of cosmetics in terms of quality, efficacy and safety. The ability to innovate for new markets must therefore rely on in-depth knowledge of the culture, needs and preferences of Chinese, Indian and Brazilian consumers. By placing the consumer at the heart of research and innovation, LOreal has decided to create the Consumer Insights International division as well as regional res earch and innovation hubs innovation will take place by knowing customers habits. For example in India from ancient days Indian women uses eye color by themselves. As we know innovation takes place on customer base. They took inspiration of this and planned new innovation of the product far Indian women in order to reach their expectation of the customers. By this we can know how LOreal company plans the innovation of product by having deep research of skin of different cultural people and also having knowledge about hair of different cultural people and reaches the customers expectations. So this is the LOreal intelligent business plan. The RD department of LOreal will release new formulas based on to enhance customers product experience because if they can know that it would be useful far them to innovate better product far customers (LOreal, 2012). Advertisement is the main strategy used by the LOreal company .It is one of the worlds biggest advertising spenders. The cosmetics giant adverts far Maybelline make up, Elseve shampoos, Lancà ´me perfumes, and other products. These will fill television mostly and magazine pages around the world. they spend 75% on television and 20% on the print magazine and others on billboards et LOreal shows low interest spending on internet (Marketing Planet, 2011). The LOreals new product development strategy. The way they have successfully managed and achieved the considerable market shares through RD efforts . LOreal innovations has been success in the diverse segments of global market Moreover, the company follows a three tier strategy for producing commercially viable products. The three structured strategy includes LOreals advanced research, applied research and product development, each stage having its own unique functions to perform in order to create successful innovations. LOreal is a Paris-based cosmetics company with having sales $ 26.96 billion in the year 2011. LOreal entered mainland of china in the year 1996 after that LOreal started growing successful market in china now it holds second highest percentage of market share and established three factories in china and they had released 17 brands within two local Chinese cosmetics brands created a successful market. LOreal targeted Chinese young women, but LOreal company have focus ed on male customers of china here they played a strategy. The Chinese younger generation was interested in tennis. So LOreal became the sponsor of the 2011 Shaanghai Rolex masters to attract the male viewers and company was cooperated with the most popular p2p steaming media site in China it is also called as pptv with the help this media LOreal launched a new product named hydra energetic anti-dullness moisturizing gel cream the choice of successful tennis masters after that the LOreal got tremendous viewers responses with the help of pptv from this they learn preferences and needs to innovate new products to target the market (LOreal, 2012). The global beauty company LOreal is looking for Africa to increase the market. The continent provides potentially huge market. The company was present since from 100 years Africa became strategically market of the LOreal group as the population of Africa is about a 1 billion people where LOreal product have good demand far products in the market LOreal will continue to launch technologically advanced products, backed by strategic marketing campaigns, into the African market. This will continue to give us a major competitive advantage that will ensure that LOreal maintains its leadership for the next 100 years. (LOreal, 2012). LOreal presently offers the following products in the Netherlands: Plenitude and Recital under the LOreal brand name, and Ambre Solaire under the Garnier Institute brand name. LOreal Nederland has been considering whether to introduce the Synergie skin care line and Belle Couleur hair colorants line into the Netherlands.synergie and Bele Couleur are marketed under the Garnier Institute name in France. The Netherlands market has several challenges new product launches are difficult (especially from a relatively unknown company like Garnier) and the distributor channel is becoming more powerful. Also, retailers have been offering their own private-label products and can develop them at lower prices within 6 months. We had first considered adding Synergie and Belle Couleur under the Garnier name and positioning them towards the lower end of the market price-wise. However, we feel this is inherently too risky. LOreal, even under the Garnier Company name, does not want to wage war in the commodity market of cosmetics. There may not be enough product differentiation to disallow the Garnier products from cannibalizing the LOreal products. People would eventually find out the Garnier and LOreal was the same Company, and that could cheapen the whole product line. LOreal is a premier supplier of quality cosmetics (LOreal, 2012). 4.3. Relationship Management LOreal, the worlds largest skin care and cosmetics company. This is wanted to enlarge the span of marketing for its extra products distribution. The customer relationship management is mainly targeting the customers for evaluating their products.CRM solution has to improve the customer reliability and decrease the agitate. Overall view is very important then, by standardizing on one database solution, there will be a need to develop our stiffness to react rapidly with new marketing campaigns and promotions. After that, the next part is to make new valuable use of marketing budgets through new accurate target. Escalating customer knowledge means increasing the efficiency of marketing investments. (LOreal, 2012) Circumstances: There are 18 global brands which include Ralph Lauren, Lancà ´me, and Garnier -LOreal is the worlds leading cosmetics, skin care, and luxury products producer. The company distribute their products to 130countries on five continents, moreover its also a essential business at Asia and also in the South Korea. LOreal frequently innovates to continue the marketplace share and, as a effect, required to extend its high performance in the industry by sharpening its knowledge of customers by rolling out a company-wide customer relationship management (CRM) system. The Paris-based company decided to focus on its luxury product division, which had an ideal customer basis and the most probable to enhance its marketing campaigns. Marketing experts were persuaded that the greater knowledge of the customer would increase the opportunity for cross selling. For example, a data-mining study on customer behaviours for Lancà ´me France showed strong cross-selling prospective to market beauty products for lips with other products such as nails. To cross sell effectively, LOrà ©al needed to create a single in-house database with all its customer data, which previously had been hosted by a number of different agencies. Example, it is useful to know which 20 per cent of customers are responsible for 50 per cent of the total revenue-this knowledge helps us target promotions and service dollars on our most valuable customers, says Giacchetti. Key factors: LOrà ©al previously worked with Microsoft for IT services worldwide, but the company turned first to Accenture for consultancy on implement a CRM solution.In adding to Siebel Business Analytics. The company is also using HP StorageWorks for its storage area network, as well as other HP hardware. Customer Manager says that the major benefit of Siebel Consumer Goods 7.7 is that advertising sales, and customer service are fully incorporated. This helps companies develop their product management, increase deal and customer marketing return on investment, decrease their customer service costs, and build customer loyalty and demand. The industrial planning was defined by Microsoft Services, aid by Avanade a joint venture between Microsoft and Accenture that specialize in solutions implemented in a Microsoft environment. Together, the team designed and implemented a pilot CRM solution in South Korea, which was chosen because of its complicated multi-channel marketing including point of sal e, Web, e-mail, and wireless messaging.mInitially, Siebel Consumer Goods and Siebel Analytics were implemented on top of a Microsoft SQL Serverà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ 2000 database. Through the volume licensing Enterprise Agreement LOrà ©al has with Microsoft, SQL Server 2000 was later upgraded to Microsoft SQL Server 2005. LOreal also chose the Microsoft environment for the development of its Web sites. In December 2005, following the success of the pilot in South Korea, LOrà ©al extended the solution to support the mass-market domain in France, which is already increasing the customer knowledge segment of the database for direct-mail promotions. Giacchetti says: Were looking at a global rollout of the solution over three to five years. Change management in CRM takes time, especially when 99 per cent of promotions are targeted on the product rather than the customer. However, were working on introducing the CRM solution in the United States and China in 2006 and are starting several projects in Europe. Were seeking to cover half of the total number of country operations in three years and 70 per cent in five years. In some of the smaller centres, CRM will not be applicable. (LOreal, 2012) Benefits LOrà ©al has improved customer brand loyalty, benefited from a significantly improved response rate and lower cost of direct mail. It now has a consistent 360-degree view of its customers across multiple marketing channels. Customer Satisfaction Strengthens Loyalty LOrà ©al operates in a highly competitive market for luxury beauty products, where customer retention is a key performance indicator. Giacchetti believes the most significant benefit has been improved brand loyalty. We can now classify value customers more easily and aggressively retain them, she says. There is less risk of customers switching to other brands because of their disappointment at random treatment. Previously, we targeted customers based on their age, but now we consider past purchasing history and other benchmarks, which makes targeting much more effective. Higher Response Rate, Lower Costs Siebel Business Analytics is helping LOreal mount cost-efficient direct-mail campaigns and increase revenue per sale. Giacchetti says: With the Siebel solution running on Windows Server, we achieved a 57 per cent decrease in the volume of direct mail on one promotion. Through more accurate targeting, we achieved a remarkable 62 per cent response rate. In another campaign for skincare, we cut the volume of direct mail by half and achieved a 78 per cent response rate. 360-Degree View of the Customer LOreal is building a CRM system that provides a complete view of the customer, spanning all available brands across multiple channels, including the companys 200 Web sites and thousands of offline point-of-sale terminals and call centers. Giacchetti says: In the past, campaigns were product based, and we did not retain a history for each customer. With our knowledge about the customer, we can now integrate data from different channels and segment customers according to value and behavior. Georges-Edouard Dias, Strategic Business Development Division, LOrà ©al, says: Siebel is the best solution we have found to manage an end-to-end process from consumer analysis and segmentation to creation, execution, and measurement of the success of marketing campaigns. Product Campaigns Generated Faster By implementing a single CRM system and a powerful in-house database solution, LOrà ©al has improved time to market for its product campaigns. It is now easier to share best practice and make use of sophisticated data-mining scoring for targeting. Giacchetti says: We are now more agile as a business. We can accurately quantify the effectiveness of marketing investments and customer/segment profitability. 4.4. Corporate Structure Chairman and CEO. Jean-Paul Agon is energetic, constructive and unwavering always strives for tangible results. With a spanning background of challenges, environments and responsibilities, he has displayed his leadership skills by key expertise of in-depth knowledge of how the company works, an international approach and a global vision of major challenges ahead. He was born in France in 1956 and joined LOreal in 1978

Civilize The Wilderness :: essays research papers

Civilize the Wilderness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wilderness, why civilize it? This is an interesting question, and one that is hard to answer. Why not just leave the wilderness alone, and let it grow and decide it's own beginnings and ends? Does civilizing the wilderness make it better or worse? In what ways is it better or worse if we leave it alone or it we civilize it? These are all excellent questions and are all worthwhile to think about.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Western culture has tried to civilize the wilderness for quite sometime now, but is it really something we should be doing? In the point of view of many, the wilderness should be civilized to accommodate for the increasing number of people in the world. We should also civilize it because we need the extra room and because we cannot live in uncivilized areas of the wilderness, at least not with all of the comforts of home. What effects will civilizing the wilderness now have in the future? Many questions can arise when contemplating civilizing the wilderness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The wilderness is being civilized for one main reason. That reason is technology. Technology plays an important role in everyone's lives today. Without it, we would not have computers, fax machines, cellular phones, and all of the modern conveniences that we have today. The fact is, that many people believe that the wilderness is like an unborn country. A country that has nothing and is striving to become more advanced. We see this as an opportunity to better it and make it seem like we are actually helping. But, are we really helping? In my opinion, no. I feel that we are destroying something natural and something of beauty.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In many ways we are making the wilderness worse by civilizing it. We put unnatural objects into the wilderness, and it destroys the wilderness' natural beauty. Thoreau's ideal is to pretty much leave the wilderness as it is. If you need to inhabit it, don't use anything that does not come from within it. For example, Thoreau built his cabin from the trees that were in the wilderness that surrounded it. In this way, civilizing the wilderness is okay. The way we are civilizing it, is not okay. Too just clear-cut an entire forest, then build a house, an in ground swimming pool, and put up a satellite dish, is not exactly ideal to keeping the wilderness natural.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To destroy the beauty of the wilderness by civilizing it in the way that

It320 Chapter 1 Questions

Chapter 1 1. Which of the following statements accurately describe differences between a LAN and a WAN? b. companies can use a Wan to connect remote locations, and a LAN can make a local connection in a building. d. Only WANs require a CSU/DSU to be used on the ends of the cable 2. Network professionals belong to organizations that plan and define standards used in networking. Which of the following are recognized industry organizations? a. IETF c. ISO d. EIA f. ITU 3. Which of the following are true about router? a. outers enable different IP networks or IP subnets to communicate with each other. c. path selection is one of the main functions of a router. e. routers have a central processing unit and memory. 4. Which of the following are main components of a router? a. ROM b. Flash memory e. RAM 5. Which of the following statements describe the function of RAM in a router? c. RAM stores the current configuration information. e. RAM stores routing tables for the router. 6. Which of t he following statements are true about DTE? c.DTE usually resides on the customer's premises. d. DTE is an acronym for data terminal equipment. 7. Which of the following statements are true about DCE? b. DCE provides clocking to the DTE. c. DCE is an acronym for data circuit-terminating equipment. 8. The term WAN refers to which layers of the OSI model? b. Data link d. Physical 9. Which of the following physical ports and/or cables on a router require clocking to be configured in a back-to-back connection? e. Serial port with DCE cable. 10. Which of the following statements are true about interfaces? . Ethernet interfaces usually use RJ-45 connectors. d. Interfaces can accept smart serial connectors. 11. What are possible functions of a console port? b. Accessing the router to change configurations. d. Password recovery 12. In the following figure, which setting is different from the default for connecting to a Cisco router? a. Bits per second. The Cisco default is 9600bps 13. Which of the following are data-link encapsulations for WAN? a. Frame relay c. IETF 14. Which of the following are used in WAN's? b. Router c. Modem 15.Which of the following describe the function of flash memory in a router? a. Holds the Cisco IOS software image c. Keeps its contents when a router is rebooted. d. Can store multiple versions of Cisco IOS software. 16. Which of the following are true about out-of-band router management? a. Can be performed using the console port with a rollover cable. d. Can allow troubleshooting when a link is down. e. Can be performed using a dialup connection. 17. Which of the following are true about the items shown in the following figure? a. Item B contains serial interfaces. . Items C and D can be used for router management. d. Item B can accept either DTE or DCE cables. 18. Which statement is true about a router? b. NVRAM stores the startup configuration file, and RAM stores the running configuration. CHALLENGE Q&A 1. Which type of cable is used i n the connections marked in the following figure? a. PC1 to R1: crossover b. R1 to R2: back-to-back serial connection or DTE/DCE c. R2 to SW2: straight-through cable d. R2 to PC2: console or rollover cable 2. Router R1 has been used in a lab for the last several years.R1 connects to router R2 using a back-to-back serial connection, using its serial interface that does not have a built-in CSU/DSU. R1 also has a single Ethernet interface connected to a single PC without using a hub or switch. To save money, the IT manager has decided to use R1 for a new site being installed into the network, as shown in the bottom half of the following figure. Which of the following answers is true regarding other opportunities to save money with this new installation? a. R1 can use the serial cable that was formerly attached to R2, but not the serial cable that was formerly attached to R1.